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<channel><title><![CDATA[Medieval Facts - Articles]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles]]></link><description><![CDATA[Articles]]></description><pubDate>Fri, 23 Aug 2024 04:24:39 -0700</pubDate><generator>Weebly</generator><item><title><![CDATA[February 04th, 2018]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/on-the-shelf-at-the-bedford-libray]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/on-the-shelf-at-the-bedford-libray#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 05 Feb 2018 03:44:45 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/on-the-shelf-at-the-bedford-libray</guid><description><![CDATA[ [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[January 15th, 2018]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-diary-of-mordred-on-renaissance-performers-and-merchants]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-diary-of-mordred-on-renaissance-performers-and-merchants#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 16 Jan 2018 02:28:22 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-diary-of-mordred-on-renaissance-performers-and-merchants</guid><description><![CDATA[ [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Templars and Robert the Bruce]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/templars-and-robert-the-bruce]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/templars-and-robert-the-bruce#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 11 Nov 2017 05:03:30 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/templars-and-robert-the-bruce</guid><description><![CDATA[       Wikimedia Commons      There are disagreeing sides to the claim that Robert the Bruce, King of&nbsp;Scotland, had help from the disbanded Knights Templar.Most of the evidence points to the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 in which Robert defeating the English led by the now inept King Edward II.Most of Hollywood focuses on William Wallace in the battles he led against the English during this time. Hollywood, however, gets many things wrong. For more info on the history of the battles and of  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/templar_1_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph"><em><font size="2">Wikimedia Commons</font></em></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="4">There are disagreeing sides to the claim that Robert the Bruce, King of&nbsp;Scotland, had help from the disbanded Knights Templar.<br /></font><br /><font size="4">Most of the evidence points to the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 in which Robert defeating the English led by the now inept King Edward II.<br /></font><br /><font size="4">Most of Hollywood focuses on William Wallace in the battles he led against the English during this time. Hollywood, however, gets many things wrong. For more info on the history of the battles and of William Wallace, read&nbsp;<font color="#0000ff"><u><font color="#4489e3"><strong><a href="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/-this-man-this-cannot-be-sir-william-wallace-for-i-am-prettier-than-this-man" target="_blank">here.<br /></a></strong></font></u></font></font><br /><font size="4">Many claim that Robert the Bruce was not a great military leader and could not win his own battles without help. They point again to Wallace having to lead the charge against the English to get the Bruce to this point, and that Robert had failed a reported six times and had nearly given up before the seventh time when he won.&nbsp;<br /></font><br /><font size="4">One such who supports the claim is Robert Ferguson, author of the book&nbsp;<em>The&nbsp;Knights Templar&nbsp;And Scotland</em>. Ferguson says, "There is now good evidence that a number of&nbsp;Templars, if not most of them, were aware that they were going to be arrested, and they escaped. There's only two places they really could escape to, Portugal and Scotland."<br /></font><br /><font size="4">He adds "Given the battle plan that is commonly accepted for Bannockburn, I believe that the Templars were necessary. The existence of Templars at Bannockburn follows a consistent line of facts."<br /></font><br /><font size="4">In a book&nbsp;<em>A to Z of the Knights Templar</em><em>&nbsp;</em>by Gordon Napier, he claims the since the Bruce was excommunicated by Pope Clement V for killing John "the Red" Comyn, he then looked favorably upon the Templars and gave refuge to them when their order was disbanded in 1307, seven years before Bannockburn.<br /></font><br /><font size="4">However, these claims are disputed. One such is Helen Nicholson, a professor of history at Cardiff University. She claims "There are no records of any French-speaking knights appearing in Scotland in the early decades of the 14th century in a country where French speakers would certainly be noticed."<br /></font><br /><font size="4">She notes that the claim that Templars assisted the Scots against the English goes back to the 19th century. "The myth is being used to show that Robert the Bruce was a weak man who couldn't win his own battles," she said, "rather than the inspirational military leader that he was. I think that the Scots should be fighting this myth. Bruce's battle plan at Bannockburn would have followed best contemporary practice which, as the Templars also did the same, would have meant that there were some elements in common. This does not mean that Bruce had actually met any Templars."<br /></font><br /><font size="4">But, when one looks, it is noted that the English were fighting the French at the same times as the Scots, and Wallace did go to France to seek aid, King Philip denied the aid at a time when the French were busy being beaten by the English themselves. But to say that any persons speaking French would have stood out in such a grand fashion would be folly. Also, not all Templars were French...<br />&#8203;</font><br /><font size="4">It is also noted that all of the trials of Templars were not held in Scotland, but rather south of the Firth of Forth, in English controlled territory.<br /></font><br /><font size="4">We may not know for sure, as the Knights Templar is a very mysterious group after disbanded and their secrets may never be fully revealed as to what extent they may have helped change the world.</font><br /><br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Medieval Literary Figures]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-literary-figures]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-literary-figures#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sun, 17 Sep 2017 03:16:41 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-literary-figures</guid><description><![CDATA[           I was recently asked about other Medieval literary figures other than King Arthur and his knights.&nbsp;Well, the first one that pops up is the obvious Beowulf.&nbsp;While we do not know who wrote the original Beowulf, the story was passed down, orally, for an undetermined amount of time. The story follows a Norseman, or Viking, Beowulf on a fantastical quest to slay the monster Grendal. You may have seen the CGI/live action-esk movie Beowulf with Angilina Jolie playing Grendal's moth [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/beowulf_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph">I was recently asked about other Medieval literary figures other than King Arthur and his knights.&nbsp;<br /><br />Well, the first one that pops up is the obvious<em> Beowulf.</em>&nbsp;<br />While we do not know who wrote the original <em>Beowulf</em>, the story was passed down, orally, for an undetermined amount of time. The story follows a Norseman, or Viking, Beowulf on a fantastical quest to slay the monster Grendal. You may have seen the CGI/live action-esk movie <em>Beowulf</em> with Angilina Jolie playing Grendal's mother. While this is an entertaining movie, I do recommend checking out the book at your local library and giving it a read. The wordsmithing in this epic is amazing. &nbsp;<br /><br />Another source is&nbsp;<em>The Cantebury Tales&nbsp;</em>by Geofrey Chaucer. While it has been quite a while since I myself have read this, it is a tale of the pilgrimage to Canterbury, and gives a look into the differing classes of the time. It was written in English, which is odd as most of the work deemed <em>important</em>&nbsp;in that time was written in Latin, for the upper class to read. Chaucer decided to write this in a common language, for the lesser classes. Chaucer himself was actually employed as a courtier, ,meaning he was around nobles constantly. The fact that he points out some of the less than appealing aspects of nobles in the eyes of the commoner is a bit surprising. The figures in this tale are fictitious, but still give insight into social classes and how they interacted.&nbsp;<br /><br />Lastly, let us not forget the Eddas.&nbsp;<br />The Eddas (the Prose, the Elder, the Havamal, he Codex Reigns, ect) are a combination of tales that tell of the Norse religion. So, tales of Thor, Loki, Heimdal, Tyr, Baldur, and the like are told in these tales. While scholars and modern practitioners of Norse religion debate of which is correct, which was written when and where, and which came first, the fact remains that they were written somewhere in the medieval time period. Snorri Strurluslon did, in fact, write the younger Edda, or the<em> Prose Edda&nbsp;</em>in 1220. Snorri was a Icelandic historian, politician, poet, and had been elected twice as a lawspeaker in the Althing. &nbsp;<br /><br />While there are countless other literary works of the medieval period, these are some of the better known. A list below is other works done in the medieval time frame. While this list is not complete, it is worth a glance.<br /><br /><ul style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34)"><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexiad">Alexiad</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Comnena">Anna Comnena</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf">Beowulf</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_work">anonymous</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caedmon%27s_Hymn">Caedmon's Hymn</a></em></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantigas_de_Santa_Maria">Cantigas de Santa Maria</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galician_language_literature">Galician</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_the_City_of_Ladies">The Book of the City of Ladies</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan">Christine de Pizan</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_the_Civilized_Man">Book of the Civilized Man</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_of_Beccles">Daniel of Beccles</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Good_Love">The Book of Good Love</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ruiz">Juan Ruiz</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Margery_Kempe">The Book of Margery Kempe</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margery_Kempe">Margery Kempe</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brut_(Layamon)">Brut</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layamon">Layamon</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_de_Brut">Brut</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wace">Wace</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people">English</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolation_of_Philosophy">Consolation of Philosophy</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius">Boethius</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_of_Sassoun">David of Sassoun</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia">Armenian</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decameron">Decameron</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Dialogue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">The Dialogue</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digenis_Acritas">Digenis Acritas</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_work">anonymous</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_literature">Greek author</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Diseases_of_Women&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">The Diseases of Women</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trotula_of_Salerno">Trotula of Salerno</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy">La divina commedia</a></em>&nbsp;(<em>The Divine Comedy</em>),&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante_Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukus_Horant">Dukus Horant</a></em>, the first extended work in Yiddish.</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Edda">Elder Edda</a></em>, various&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland">Icelandic</a>&nbsp;authors</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Das_flie%C3%9Fende_Licht_der_Gottheit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Das flie&szlig;ende Licht der Gottheit</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechthild_of_Magdeburg">Mechthild of Magdeburg</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Grammatical_Treatise">First Grammatical Treatise</a></em>, 12th-century work on Old Norse phonology</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta_Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimskringla">Heimskringla</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a></em>&nbsp;(<em>The Ecclesiastical History of the English People</em>), the Venerable&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bede">Bede</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Knight_in_the_Panther_Skin">The Knight in the Panther Skin</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shota_Rustaveli">Shota Rustaveli</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lais_of_Marie_de_France">The Lais of Marie de France</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_de_France">Marie de France</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Letters_of_Abelard_and_Heloise">The Letters of Abelard and Heloise</a></em></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_los_ejemplos_del_conde_Lucanor_y_de_Patronio">Libro de los ejemplos del conde Lucanor y de Patronio</a></em>&nbsp;(<em>Book of the Examples of Count Lucanor and of Patronio</em>), Don&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Manuel,_Prince_of_Villena">Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludus_de_Antichristo">Ludus de Antichristo</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany">German</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></em>, various&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales">Welsh</a>&nbsp;authors</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrical_Dindshenchas">Metrical Dindshenchas</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_literature">Irish</a>&nbsp;onomastic poems</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Travels_of_Marco_Polo">Il milione</a></em>&nbsp;(<em>The Travels of Marco Polo</em>),&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo">Marco Polo</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></em>, Sir&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malory">Thomas Malory</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany">German</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nj%C3%A1l%27s_saga">Nj&aacute;l's saga</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland">Icelandic</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parzival">Parzival</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_von_Eschenbach">Wolfram von Eschenbach</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers_Plowman">Piers Plowman</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Langland">William Langland</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantar_de_Mio_Cid">Poem of the Cid</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain">Spanish</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proslogion">Proslogium</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queste_del_Saint_Graal">Queste del Saint Graal</a></em>&nbsp;(<em>The Quest of the Holy Grail</em>), anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France">French</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelations_of_Divine_Love">Revelations of Divine Love</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_de_la_Rose">Roman de la Rose</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_de_Lorris">Guillaume de Lorris</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_de_Meun">Jean de Meun</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadko">Sadko</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_(people)">Russian</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scivias">Scivias</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic_et_Non">Sic et Non</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelard">Abelard</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_people">English</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Song_of_Roland">The Song of Roland</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France">French</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_the_Great">Spiritual Exercises</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_the_Great">Gertrude the Great</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summa_Theologica">Summa Theologiae</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1in_B%C3%B3_C%C3%BAailnge">T&aacute;in B&oacute; C&uacute;ailnge</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland">Irish</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tale_of_Igor%27s_Campaign">The Tale of Igor's Campaign</a></em>, anonymous&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_(people)">Russian</a>&nbsp;author</li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirant_lo_Blanc">Tirant lo Blanc</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanot_Martorell">Joanot Martorell</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Travels_of_Sir_John_Mandeville">The Travels of Sir John Mandeville</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mandeville">John Mandeville</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan">Tristan</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_d%27Angleterre">Thomas d'Angleterre</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan">Tristan</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9roul">B&eacute;roul</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tristan_and_Isolt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Tristan and Isolt</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_von_Strassburg">Gottfried von Strassburg</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troilus_and_Criseyde">Troilus and Criseyde</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltharius">Waltharius</a></em></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Edda">Younger Edda</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a></li><li><em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvain:_The_Knight_of_the_Lion">Yvain: The Knight of the Lion</a></em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes">Chr&eacute;tien de Troyes</a></li></ul>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Sword found from Myth, and a Myth of a sword]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/sword-found-from-myth-and-a-myth-of-a-sword]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/sword-found-from-myth-and-a-myth-of-a-sword#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 09 Sep 2017 16:30:35 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/sword-found-from-myth-and-a-myth-of-a-sword</guid><description><![CDATA[       Image: SWNS      'Earlier this month, a story came out about a young girl who found a sword in the famous Bodmin Moor. Bodmin Moor, and especially Dozmary Pool, are popular spots because the myth of King Arthur and the Lady of the Lake are believed to have taken place there.&nbsp;Now, we all know that the story of a Lady in a Lake giving the great Excalibur to King Arthur is nothing more than a fairy tale, but it is a fun one, and harmless. The fact that this little girl found a sword in  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/images_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:center;"><em>Image: SWNS</em></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3">'Earlier this month, a story came out about a young girl who found a sword in the famous Bodmin Moor. Bodmin Moor, and especially Dozmary Pool, are popular spots because the myth of King Arthur and the Lady of the Lake are believed to have taken place there.&nbsp;<br />Now, we all know that the story of a Lady in a Lake giving the great Excalibur to King Arthur is nothing more than a fairy tale, but it is a fun one, and harmless. The fact that this little girl found a sword in the lake, is even more fun. Then comes along this guy...&nbsp;<br /><em>That guy&nbsp;</em>is Mark Wilkins. Mark claims to have thrown the sword into the lake back in the 80's. He claims that he used to do battle reenactment with this sword and threw it in the lake back int he 80's as a tribute to the gods. He says he doesn't want to steal any of the little 7 years old's thunder, just a backstory of where the sword came from.<br />Here is the problem with Mark that I have.&nbsp;<br />First, if you don't want to steal her thunder, then why say anything at all? Let the little girl have her fun and let their be magic in the air for her. Why ruin that?&nbsp;<br />Second, that is pretty vague timeline there... an entire decade? Could you be a little more descriptive of when you "honored the gods" and threw the sword in there if it is yours?<br />Third, he claims that people can attest to it being his sword because he used to, after a few drinks of course, go and knight people on the street with this sword. Sounds like a good plan, huh? Get drunk and go down the street with a sword at peoples neck and head?&nbsp;<br />Fourth, the sword itself is a cheap fantasy wall hanger. It would not stand up to actual battle. So the story he initially said about using it in battle, I find hard to believe. It is from Battle Orders UK, which he got from the mail, and they specialize in movie wall hanger reproductions. &nbsp;<br />Finally, when you add all of it up, if this was Mark's sword that the cute little seven year old pulled out of the lake where the mythological Excalibur originated, then the story of how it ended up in the lake seems more likely to have happened like this: Mark had a wall hanger that he used to take to the pubs with him because he thought it was funny. He got three sheets to the wind and in a drunken stupor chunked the cheap sword into the lake. This would be why he cant say when he threw it in other than "in the 80's". He is trying to get in on the fame at this point.&nbsp;<br />I don't buy it.&nbsp;</font><br />Read more here<a href="http://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/the-king-arthur-sword-not-443411" target="_blank">&nbsp;http://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/the-king-arthur-sword-not-443411</a><br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Newman's home is his caslte]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/a-newmans-home-is-his-caslte]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/a-newmans-home-is-his-caslte#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sun, 08 Jan 2017 16:28:57 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/a-newmans-home-is-his-caslte</guid><description><![CDATA[ 																											A view of the front of the Castle																																						The Bridge																																						The Castle																																						A very nice photo of the castle reflecting off the moat																																						The keep with bell tower behind																																						The Castle drawbridge, that actually works																																						From the woods looking in																																						 [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div style="height: 30px; overflow: hidden;"></div> 				<div id='202629414141315676-gallery' class='imageGallery' style='line-height: 0px; padding: 0; margin: 0'><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer0' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer0' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0218_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='A view of the front of the Castle'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0218.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>A view of the front of the Castle</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer1' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer1' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0217_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The Bridge'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0217.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The Bridge</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer2' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer2' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0220_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The Castle'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0220.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The Castle</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer3' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer3' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0148_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='A very nice photo of the castle reflecting off the moat'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0148.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>A very nice photo of the castle reflecting off the moat</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer4' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer4' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0149_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0149.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer5' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer5' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0219_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The keep with bell tower behind'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0219.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='711' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-68.5%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The keep with bell tower behind</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer6' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer6' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0216_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The Castle drawbridge, that actually works'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0216.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The Castle drawbridge, that actually works</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer7' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer7' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0150_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0150.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer8' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer8' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0157_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='From the woods looking in'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0157.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='224' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:133.93%;top:0%;left:-16.96%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>From the woods looking in</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer9' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer9' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113813_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='From a tower'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113813.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>From a tower</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer10' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer10' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114115_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='From a tower looking out over the land'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114115.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>From a tower looking out over the land</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer11' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer11' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113501_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113501.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer12' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer12' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114123_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114123.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer13' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer13' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0146_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The trebuchet; which I helped load'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0146.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='711' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-68.5%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The trebuchet; which I helped load</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer14' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer14' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-112231_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-112231.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer15' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer15' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115119_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Remember, he DOES live here, so there are some modern adjustments. The entertainment center is very cool though'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115119.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Remember, he DOES live here, so there are some modern adjustments. The entertainment center is very cool though</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer16' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer16' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115417_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='One of the guest beds'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115417.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>One of the guest beds</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer17' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer17' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115559_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115559.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer18' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer18' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-120133_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='One of two dining areas inside. This one is by the kitchen'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-120133.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>One of two dining areas inside. This one is by the kitchen</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer19' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer19' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113527_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The great hall. '><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113527.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The great hall. </div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer20' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer20' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113539_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Great hall'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113539.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Great hall</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer21' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer21' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123844_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Upstairs in the Great Hall'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123844.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Upstairs in the Great Hall</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer22' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer22' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123849_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Upstairs in the Great Hall'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123849.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Upstairs in the Great Hall</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer23' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer23' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123211_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The inside of one of the towers turned into a room'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123211.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The inside of one of the towers turned into a room</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer24' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer24' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114626_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Yes, that is an air conditioning unit. Remember, he DOES live here...'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114626.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Yes, that is an air conditioning unit. Remember, he DOES live here...</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer25' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer25' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123219_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Modern luxury '><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-123219.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Modern luxury </div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer26' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer26' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0221_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='A very informal and unusual knighting ceremony before entering. It was freezing...'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0221.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='711' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-68.5%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>A very informal and unusual knighting ceremony before entering. It was freezing...</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer27' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer27' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113651_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Inside the small chapel'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113651.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Inside the small chapel</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer28' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer28' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113813_1_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-113813_1.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer29' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer29' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114123_1_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114123_1.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer30' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer30' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114455_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='In the dungeon '><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114455.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>In the dungeon </div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer31' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer31' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114816_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The wheel for the drawbridge. Myself and another gentleman worked the wheel. It is not easy on this one'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114816.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The wheel for the drawbridge. Myself and another gentleman worked the wheel. It is not easy on this one</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer32' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer32' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114823_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The gates'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-114823.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='533' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-38.83%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The gates</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer33' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer33' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115502_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='The sink in the guest bathroom'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115502.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>The sink in the guest bathroom</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer34' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer34' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115540_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Guest bedroom'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115540.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Guest bedroom</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer35' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer35' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115709_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115709.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer36' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer36' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115721_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-115721.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer37' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer37' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-120109_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-120109.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer38' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer38' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-120121_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Kitchen'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/img-20170107-120121.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='300' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-0%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Kitchen</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer39' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer39' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0147_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Avalon comes to greet new guests. An Irish Wolfhound, he is very friendly and would have been a popular breed of the era'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0147.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='711' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-68.5%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Avalon comes to greet new guests. An Irish Wolfhound, he is very friendly and would have been a popular breed of the era</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div id='202629414141315676-imageContainer40' style='float:left;width:16.62%;margin:0;'><div id='202629414141315676-insideImageContainer40' style='position:relative;margin:0px;'><div class='galleryImageBorder' style='border-width:1px;padding:3px;'><div class='galleryImageHolder galleryCaptionHover' style='position:relative; width:100%; padding:0 0 75%;overflow:hidden;'><div class='galleryInnerImageHolder'><a href='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0145_orig.jpg' rel='lightbox[gallery202629414141315676]' title='Avalon, the Irish Woflhound'><img src='https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/kimg0145.jpg' class='galleryImage' _width='400' _height='711' style='position:absolute;border:0;width:100%;top:-68.5%;left:0%' /><div class='galleryCaptionHolder partialImageGalleryCaption' style=''>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInnerBg'></div>					<div class='galleryCaptionHolderInner'>						<div class='galleryCaptionInnerTextHolder'>							<div class='galleryCaptionInnerText'>Avalon, the Irish Woflhound</div>						</div>					</div>				</div></a></div></div></div></div></div><span style='display: block; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden;'></span></div> 				<div style="height: 30px; overflow: hidden;"></div></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span><font size="5">The question of why a Texas man built a castle as his residence came up on the tour. His answer; paraphrased, is that he was building a log cabin. He wanted something a little different than the average person had, so he was building one himself on his 20 acres of land in Bellville; outside of Austin. It was him and one friend. They were talking near where the drawbridge of the castle is now, and his friend said "A man's home is his castle". Those words stuck with Newman. And the rest, is history.</font></span></div>  <div class="paragraph"><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">On a dirt road, back away from site of any passerby, sits Newman's Castle. My family and I had the pleasure of touring this site over the weekend. Who would have thought that someone in Texas would build a castle as an actual residence?&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">The first step is to go onto&nbsp;http://newmanscastle.com/ and look around, get the phone numbers and then call to make reservations. Oh, and you will be calling the Newman's Bakery. See, Newman owns and runs the local bakery, and as a sneaky way of trying to get a little extra, he makes you call his bakery and meet at the bakery before the tour. We see you Newman, and salute the attempt. The smells in the bakery were very tempting.</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">After you make the reservations, you are supposed to call back the day before to confirm. Do not be surprised if they act like they are taking all your info again. It apparently is the common thing. They will also call you about an hour before the tour to confirm you are coming. The one thing to keep in mind here is that this was not set up as a touring destination in its beginning. He built it as a home, and chose a spot that no one could see from any road for a reason. But word got out, and he now enjoys having people come tramp along inside his home. I, I would not enjoy that many strange people in my home every weekend...&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">As stated, you must go to the bakery on the day of the tour to check in. The cost is very cheap, only $15 per person, with a lunch from the bakery included. It is nothing spectacular, a sandwich, chips, and cookies, cake, or some cake donuts. But, for the price, you get your monies worth considering.</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">Upon arriving, we were greeted by an Irish Wolfhound. This dog, we later learned was named Avalon after the mythical final resting place of King Arthur, was the friendliest dog, especially for a breed known for its protective nature. After a while, Mr. Newman himself showed up and not long after the show began.&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">It was very cold the day we toured, so the standing out in the freezing temperatures was grating on everyone. Kids were crying, adults were getting irritable alongside them, which made the speeches made by Mr. Newman a little trivial. He was trying to be a good host and put on a little imagination leaden story telling, but it would have been better served, at least on this day, once we were in out of the wind.&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">The working trebuchet was fired into the moat, which actually does encompass the entire castle. The best part of the trebuchet firing was watching Avalon get very excited and try to pull the pin himself. I think he had seen this before...&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">Once we were finally admitted across the bridge, another gentleman and myself got inside the hamster wheel to try to close the drawbridge. I am not sure if it was simply frozen, not greased, or what, but the two of us were not small gentlemen and had an extremely difficult time.&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">The castle is a residence, that is first thing you must keep in mind. However, it has 5 towers, a keep, a bell tower with giant bells (one weighing over 1200 pounds), a great hall, guest bedrooms, a very large kitchen, and even a small courtyard. All in all it is very impressive. It was not a corporation that built this for the purpose of making a return on the money; rather this was a guy that had a wild hair up his keester and decided to live in his own castle. He had no intentions of selling tours or anything of the sort at the time. He also, very impressively, built the entire thing himself, with only one helper. He designed it himself as well, based off of some research and the land he had.&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">It has also been featured in a movie,&nbsp;</font></font></font><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5"><em>Indescribable&nbsp;</em></font></font></font><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">an IMBD search http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2385111/plotsummary?ref_=tt_ov_pl</font></font></font><br /><br /><font color="#3e2616"><font><font size="5">It was great to meet such an enigmatic man and tour his home, a one of a kind destination for any Texan.</font></font></font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[December 29th, 2016]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/on-the-shelf-at-arlington-southeast-library]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/on-the-shelf-at-arlington-southeast-library#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2016 01:01:50 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/on-the-shelf-at-arlington-southeast-library</guid><description><![CDATA[As you can see, The Diary of Mordred&nbsp;is now on the shelf at the Arlington Libraries Southeast Library! See the map below and check it out for yourself!&nbsp;      Reserve it here   [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><font size="4"><font size="5">As you can see, <em>The Diary of Mordred&nbsp;</em>is now on the shelf at the Arlington Libraries Southeast Library! See the map below and check it out for yourself!&nbsp;</font></font></font></div>  <div class="wsite-map"><iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="width: 100%; height: 250px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;" src="//www.weebly.com/weebly/apps/generateMap.php?map=google&elementid=171673734646703122&ineditor=0&control=3&width=auto&height=250px&overviewmap=0&scalecontrol=0&typecontrol=0&zoom=15&long=-97.096205&lat=32.6525442&domain=www&point=1&align=2&reseller=false"></iframe></div>  <div style="text-align:left;"><div style="height: 10px; overflow: hidden;"></div> <a class="wsite-button wsite-button-small wsite-button-normal" href="http://polarisweb.arlingtonlibrary.org/Polaris/search/title.aspx?ctx=1.1033.0.0.3&pos=1" target="_blank"> <span class="wsite-button-inner">Reserve it here</span> </a> <div style="height: 10px; overflow: hidden;"></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[November 23rd, 2016]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/7639358]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/7639358#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 24 Nov 2016 03:17:22 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/7639358</guid><description><![CDATA[ [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Sign Language in Medieval Era]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/sign-language-in-medieval-era]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/sign-language-in-medieval-era#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 12 Sep 2016 14:21:37 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/sign-language-in-medieval-era</guid><description><![CDATA[           An issue I feel is important in today's world is that not enough people, myself included, know how to communicate efficiently with someone who may be hearing challenged. Schools offer language classes in languages that only a few use in America, such as French, German, and even Japanese. But how many schools, worldwide even, offer sign language and braille to those who do not have the affliction?&nbsp;You see, it is not just that person with the necessity to learn this, for how will t [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/2000px-bsl-sign-language-coloring-at-coloring-pages-for-kids-boys-dotcom-svg.png?178" alt="Picture" style="width:178;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><font size="4"><font size="5">An issue I feel is important in today's world is that not enough people, myself included, know how to communicate efficiently with someone who may be hearing challenged. Schools offer language classes in languages that only a few use in America, such as French, German, and even Japanese. But how many schools, worldwide even, offer sign language and braille to those who do not have the affliction?&nbsp;<br />You see, it is not just that person with the necessity to learn this, for how will they communicate with anyone else if they are the only one that knows what the signs mean. But I guess that is "un-common" sense...<br />What most do not know, however, is that sign language goes back much further than the origins in the 17th century.&nbsp;<br />There is evidence that Plato wrote about sign language and the deaf, and tried to implement some form of sign language, but of that actual group of signs little is known.<br />Another form of sign language comes from the 10th century in churches. The Monastic sign languages were a grouping of gestures to display ones needs during vows of silence or during times where speech was forbidden. Used especially in Benedictine monasteries, the signs are described as gestural communication instead of an actual language. However, its gestures are used even today in modern sign language.<br />It is curious, however, that there is nearly no written records of deaf or mute signing languages being fully developed until the 17th century (the Monastic signs were for vows of silence, not the deaf or mute), even though deaf and mute peoples themselves are referenced. <br />So, it seems that back then, much like today, deaf and mute peoples were constantly having difficulties communicating efficiently due to a lack of knowledge by the general populace.&nbsp;<br />Offering a class in our high schools as a second language that teaches students sign and braille would be exceptional and is starting in some select areas.&nbsp;<br />We are out of the Dark Ages, lets act like it!</font></font></font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Killer in Joan's Company; Giles de Rais]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/a-killer-in-joans-company-giles-de-rais]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/a-killer-in-joans-company-giles-de-rais#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2016 02:12:38 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/a-killer-in-joans-company-giles-de-rais</guid><description><![CDATA[       Wikimedia Commons      Everyone knows Joan of Arc and her leading the French in the Hundred Years War. Though, in all honesty, she was little more than a symbol for them and was not a great warrior of even a good tactical leader. She made many blunders that nearly cost her and her entire army's lives more than a few times.But what of her second in command? That duty most often fell to Giles de Rais.This name is know for much more than helping lead Joan's army though. After the fall of Joa [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/giles_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:center;"><em>Wikimedia Commons</em></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3">Everyone knows Joan of Arc and her leading the French in the Hundred Years War. Though, in all honesty, she was little more than a symbol for them and was not a great warrior of even a good tactical leader. She made many blunders that nearly cost her and her entire army's lives more than a few times.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">But what of her second in command? That duty most often fell to Giles de Rais.</font><br /><font size="3">This name is know for much more than helping lead Joan's army though. After the fall of Joan, Giles went on a rampage of pedophilia and murderous rampage.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">The son of Marie dCraon and Guy de Rais, Giles was born into one of, if not the most wealthy families in France at that time. Rarely seeing his parents, as theirs was a marriage of political importance and not love, Giles was raised until the age of 7 by nurses. He then went to court training and it was noted that while he had great military skills, he was not ever good at the political realms.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">His mother died soon after, and shortly after that, his father died in a boar hunting accident. Guy has not wanted his children to be raised by Marie's father, Jean dCraon. Jean and Guy had had very bad blood between them, with Guy having to renounce his family crest in order to obtain the wealth of the dCraon clan, only to have Jean then take it back from him. Guy had specifically left in his will that his cousin, not Jean, would then raise his children. However, Jean challenged the will and in 1416, Giles and his brother Rene were taken to Jean dCraon to be raised.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">Jean dCraon was described as a man driven only by power and wealth. He used his grandson in order to enlarge his own lands and wealth and taught Giles that as the heir to both the de Rais and dCraon empires, Giles was above the law.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">At 14, Giles rode out to Champtoce as a squire. He excelled in his duties there.</font><br /><font size="3">After a couple of failed political marriages arranged by his grandfather, Giles was persuaded to abduct his cousin Catherine to marry her. After three of her rescuers were captured and thrown into the dungeons, including her uncle, the church actually recognized the marriage as legit and the two were bound in matrimony.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">From there we go into the deeds he did as the second in command of Joan's army in helping to bring the Dauphin to the throne. Giles was crafty in his military skills and without his "behind the scenes" so to speak leadership role while Joan received the credit, it is hard to say whether or not the story of Joan would have been one of a comedy of failures.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">When Joan was captured, and the Dauphin was convinced not to pay to have her ransomed back, Giles was left with little choice but to abandon his duties to her. In Spring of 1431, Joan was burned at the stake for being "a witch".<br /></font><br /><font size="3">But who was the real monster? Up to this point Giles had not delved into his true self, yet.</font><br /><font size="3">A year later, Giles grandfather Jean dCraon died. At this point, Giles life in the political realms ended and his life in the darkness began.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">In the same year that his grandfather died, Giles de Rais admitted during his trial that the murders began with the abducting of a 12 year old apprentice who was to carry a message to another castle. Along with his cousin Giles de Sille and a man known as Poitou, they kidnapped the child, pampered him with a lavish dinner and drinks that included stimulants, and then took him to a room where they revealed what was to come of him. Poitou told of this in his testimony as well. He claims that de Rais hanged the boy by a hook around his neck while rapping him. He would let the boy down several times and comfort him and then repeat the act. A true psychopathic serial killer was coming out in Giles. When the child's parents came looking for him from de Sille, they were told that the boy was kidnapped by thieves.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">Poitou and Giles de Rais confessions were pretty clear in that there were numerous other child victims that were decapitated, throat slit, hanged, and many other torturous devices used to perform the final act. But they were all rapped by Giles, sometimes before the slaying sometimes during, and even some rape occurring after the child had been slain. Giles confessed to kissing the children after they had been killed in nearly all occasions.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">He kept a crematorium fire burning in his castle at all times, being careful not to let the smell become too pungent as to attract attention. De Sille told grieving parents who became suspicious of the disappearing children that the children had been kidnapped and sold to the English to be trained as pages. The town people did suspect de Rais and de Sille, but dared not speak out openly for fear that de Rais's men would punish them.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">There is also some speculation that Giles de Rais dabbled in trying to summon demons and the like to gain more power, though much of this could have easily have been confession due to torture and not much more than a witch hunt. In a time that anything "out of the ordinary" was the work of a miracle or that of witchcraft, depending on which way the wind was blowing, it is fair to say that Giles, after witnessing Joan's "miracles" may have tried to delve into dark magic, but his attempts, of course, were that of utter failure and true laughter as he was reportedly swindled.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">Having killed well over 30 children, and having the peasants actually see two of his co-conspirators dispatch a body, it was not until Giles de Rais got himself into more political trouble and kidnapped an important priest that he "went too far".<br /></font><br /><font size="3">The priest, in retaliation, gathered information from peasants and grieving parents and in July of 1440 went public with what he found. Giles de Rais's enemies jumped on this opportunity and Giles was soon after taken into custody.<br /></font><br /><font size="3">Giles and several of his co-conspirators were confessed by torture, albeit their stories coincided very closely. Granted, some of their confessions may have been simply the work of torturing someone to the point that they will agree to anything. However, when the several of the bodies were found and other conspirators who were not being tortured told the same tales, ti is safe to say that this was not entirely a case of the church forcing confessions of actions not performed.<br />&#8203;</font><br /><font size="3">There are some that still say that Giles de Rais was a victim himself due to being born to loveless parents and being raised by a grandfather that had no use for him other than to grow his own wealth. This is sickening. There are numerous people who have been brought up in much worse conditions that did not resort to pedophilia, necrophilia,and murder.</font><br /><br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Jousting Olympic Sport ]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/jousting-olympic-sport]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/jousting-olympic-sport#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Fri, 05 Aug 2016 18:09:16 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/jousting-olympic-sport</guid><description><![CDATA[           By now, most everyone "in the know" has seen the video posted by Fox Sports or seen other tweets or&nbsp;Facebook news about how English Heritage is petitioning to get jousting to be an Olympic sport by 2020.&nbsp;First, let me say that this is not the first time we have heard this claim. It has been circulating for quite a while, especially around the Olympic times. This time, though, it may have more of a chance.Secondly, I say good! As long as it's done properly...&nbsp;No one can  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/jousting_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <h2 class="wsite-content-title"><font size="4">By now, most everyone "in the know" has seen the video posted by Fox Sports or seen other tweets or&nbsp;Facebook news about how English Heritage is petitioning to get jousting to be an Olympic sport by 2020.&nbsp;<br />First, let me say that this is not the first time we have heard this claim. It has been circulating for quite a while, especially around the Olympic times. This time, though, it may have more of a chance.<br />Secondly, I say good! As long as it's done properly...&nbsp;<br />No one can deny the sheer talent it actually takes to joust, or so I thought... It seems that there is someone out there that thinks that jousting is all a performance art. His name is Tobias Capwell, and his article can be found here&nbsp;<br /><a href="http://www.apollo-magazine.com/jousting-is-closer-to-performance-art-than-an-olympic-sport/" target="_blank">http://www.apollo-magazine.com/jousting-is-closer-to-performance-art-than-an-olympic-sport/&nbsp;<br /></a>As you can read, it is surprising that he has these feelings, as it seems he actually did some jousting as well. But then, I did a little bit as well.<br />I disagree with him on almost every point that he makes, at least when talking of actual jousting and not&nbsp;theater&nbsp;jousting anyways.&nbsp;Yes, there are groups of&nbsp;strictly theatrical jousters such as Medieval Times that are doing it for a show, where everything is staged and the armor is not real. They are extremely fun to watch (I worked a part time job at the Dallas castle for a short time) but you do have to keep in mind that they are just performing a stunt show, as the "falls" off the horse are a bit comical. The armor is not real, nor are the lances there. But for an Olympic sport, it would be like comparing WWE to actual Olympic wrestling.<br />The next point he makes is that it is not a sport because it relies on the horse and the armor and the lance. What?! There are numerous sports that require equipment to be used to make it&nbsp;feasible&nbsp;to attempt. Take my favorite Winter Game for example; ice hockey. Without the skates, there would be no game. Same with the hockey sticks, goal, goalie padding (armor), player pads (more armor), ect. So no, your point there is invalid sir.<br />Also, one quote I always said during my brief time training is "Without the cooperation of the horse, you are an idiot with a stick". To which I could count on at least someone pulling in the <em>Knights Tale&nbsp;</em>quote "It's called a lance... hello?". Funny yes, but the fact is the fact. One of the most important parts of jousting is horsemanship. If you cannot ride, and ride well, you cannot joust. If your horse does not trust you 100%, it will not perform what you wish it to. I have seen numerous videos and in person where the horse, no dumb animal, knows that an impact is coming about halfway down the lane and will stop dead in its tracts to avoid it. This leaves the knight as a sitting duck to get plowed into by his or her opponent.<br />Jousting is a fierce sport if it is done in the full contact, full armored, original style. As one fan said on a fellow jousting knight's Facebook page:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/chris.bridges.16?fref=ufi"><font color="#365899">Chris Bridges</font></a><font color="#1d2129"><font><font><span style="font-weight:normal">&nbsp;</span></font></font></font><font color="#1d2129"><font><font><span style="font-weight:normal">The real challenge is sitting on the horse with those huge f*$@ing nuts you have to have to do this.<br /></span></font></font></font></font><font size="4">While he is&nbsp;absolutely&nbsp;right about that, it does bring up another point; there are many female jousters as well, a couple I trained with. Those that I trained with were two of the toughest females. But jousting is not, by a long shot, limited to these two. Sarah Hay is currently one of the top jousters on the International Jousting League. Yes, Mr. Capwell, it is already a major sport and has several major competitions; one being in Estes Park Colorado every year.&nbsp;<br />So, if we can have sports like curling, ping pong,&nbsp;bad-mitten, and, so help me, RACEWALKING, I think we have room for an actual athletic and deep traditionalist sport such as jousting...</font><br /></h2>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Stop the divide, Cosplay is cool too]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/stopthedivide]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/stopthedivide#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 21 Jul 2016 16:08:14 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/stopthedivide</guid><description><![CDATA[       https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wondercon_2016_-_DOTA_Knight_Cosplay_(26055009476).jpg/3456px-Wondercon_2016_-_DOTA_Knight_Cosplay_(26055009476).jpg      Who can deny that this knight looks&nbsp;absolutely cool? Who can deny that this person spent hours (and more than a few bucks) to make this amazing&nbsp;costume?&nbsp;&nbsp;Is it historically&nbsp;accurate? No. Does the person wearing it care? No! Is it an amazing&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of work that looks spot on with [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/knight-cosplay_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><em>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wondercon_2016_-_DOTA_Knight_Cosplay_(26055009476).jpg/3456px-Wondercon_2016_-_DOTA_Knight_Cosplay_(26055009476).jpg</em></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="5"><font>Who can deny that this knight looks&nbsp;</font>absolutely cool? Who can deny that this person spent hours (and more than a few bucks) to make this amazing&nbsp;costume?&nbsp;<font>&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><font>Is it historically&nbsp;</font>accurate</font><font><font size="5">? No. Does the person wearing it care? No! Is it an amazing&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of work that looks spot on with the character (an alliance knight in World of Warcraft)? YES!<br /><br />So why then do we have this divide within our community, like that between Star Wars fans and Trekkies? (Star Wars is CLEARLY superior by the way lol)<br /><br />All joking aside, it is truly depressing to see someone put that much hard work, dedication, and money into a costume to hear snide remarks from people in what they believe is an "academic circle".&nbsp;<br /><br />I have heard it all. From going to Ren-Fests in Texas, to seeing it all over online. Someone will post a photo of their costume, be it a true cosplay of a character or their own creation of their own design, and lo and behold, the trolls come out from under their bridges and begin tearing it apart and calling names and so forth.&nbsp;<br /><br />I have even heard this from people hosting events speaking about the very people coming out to see them.&nbsp;<br /><br />It has to stop.<br /><br />Regardless of what brings someone to the medieval table; be it cosplaying&nbsp;their favorite video game character or movie, to wanting to be a real historical knight, just be glad that they have come to the table, and offer them a plate of knowledge and greeting. Don't throw their plate on the floor and tell them to eat it like a dog, because that is how you are&nbsp;perceived.<br /><br />When you offer knowledge about the historical facts of their outfit, keep in mind that they may not care. Do not get offended and become pompous! It is their choice to wear the costume as they see fit. They are not their for your entertainment. They do not have to "pass your test".<br /><br />If, however, you are a truly historical group, and have rules and regulations about peoples showing up to events in historical garb, please try to do a better job of explaining why someone may not meet the standards rather than simply bashing them for not knowing. They WANT to be there, so don't push them away.<br /><br />Our community is small enough as it is, lets grow it rather than make people feel&nbsp;unwelcome&nbsp;in a new group. &nbsp;<br />&nbsp;</font></font></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Black Prince]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-black-prince]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-black-prince#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jun 2016 20:52:18 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-black-prince</guid><description><![CDATA[             One of the most talked about characters of the medieval age was The Black Prince. However, most people know only the name, not the story behind this famous, or infamous, knight.1346 and 1347 proved to two of the finest years for Edward III. He overtook the town of Caen, the city of Calais on the French side of the English Channel (which allowed the English to harbor troops safely in France), and even won the Battle of Neville&rsquo;s Cross against the Scots, which all but defeated S [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/black-prince_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">One of the most talked about characters of the medieval age was The Black Prince. However, most people know only the name, not the story behind this famous, or infamous, knight.<br /><br />1346 and 1347 proved to two of the finest years for Edward III. He overtook the town of Caen, the city of Calais on the French side of the English Channel (which allowed the English to harbor troops safely in France), and even won the Battle of Neville&rsquo;s Cross against the Scots, which all but defeated Scottish threats.<br /><span></span>Also in 1346 was the epic Battle of Crecy. It was in this battle that the French outnumbered the English two to one. The English, however, used their infamous longbows and set up ingenious defensive structures. Similar to the Battle of Agincourt, the English longbow-men shot the French Cavalry down as they charged. Phillip, for some reason, rushed the attack, and his crossbowmen proved all but completely ineffective.<br /><span></span>It was also in this battle that Edward III&rsquo;s son, the Black Prince, just 16 years old, proved himself in battle. Coming under attack, Edward III refused to send any aid to him, making him prove himself. Thus he did in what is believed to be a great fashion.<br /><span></span>The Black Prince, presumably called so because of the black armor that he wore, had come under attack by the French, with only his small contingent of men with him. Being pressed hard, one of Edward III advisers came to the king, asking him to send aide to the prince. There are accounts of the conversation that may have taken place. From what can be taken, Edward III asked if his son was dead or otherwise incapacitated to fight and lead. When the answer given was no, the king said &ldquo;let him earn his spurs&rdquo;. The Black Prince fought his way out of danger, and this act inspired the English more so, and they won the battle fairly easily.<br /><span></span>Edward III and the prince lead the army on to Calias. This all important city allowed the English to keep troops in France, and was under English control until 1558. In the end, Edward III took the city, and only after his wife the Queen begged him not to behead the nobles, he took said nobles hostage, fed the inhabitants and set them to disperse where they may.<br /><span></span>After these important victories, there came about the Black Death, or the&nbsp;<font color="#0000ff"><u><font color="#4489e3">Plague</font></u></font>&nbsp;the following year, 1348. There were rumors that the Plague was a punishment from God; some went so far as to say that it was punishment from this battle as the English killed so many they invited death to this world more than ever. Due to the overwhelming dead from the disease, and fear of contracting the disease, he war was put on hold for over 18 years. In that terrible time, nearly a full 1/3 of the population in Europe died due to the disease. One of the most notable people to die of the plague was actually the king of&nbsp;<font color="#0000ff"><u><a href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/england"><font color="#4489e3">England</font></a></u></font>&rsquo;s&rsquo; own daughter Joan Plantagenet.<br /><span></span>King John II of France signed the Treaty of Mantes in 1354 and the Treaty of Valognes in 1355. These treaties were did not last, and are hardy worth mentioning in the grand scheme of the war, each lasting less than a year before being as worthless as the paper they were written on.<br />In 1356, the plague had subsided considerably and both France and England were recovering financially from its effects. The process had to have been a slow one, as so many had perished. It is apparent that the plague had drastically changed England, with the Peasant Revolt rising up in 1381.<br /><span></span>But whatever the financial situation was, the Black Prince began waging war again, leading an army through Gascony. King John II followed in hot pursuit with his own army. The two forces met just outside of Poitiers.<br /><span></span>With the two forces facing each other, John was certain of victory, and became very cocky. The Black Prince, on the other hand, seems to have not wanted a battle here. He had scorched much of France without much resistance and now faced an army twice the size of his own. The 26 year old prince offered his wagon trains which were reportedly loaded with loot, and promised not to engage the French in combat for seven years. Some reports claim that the prince even offered Calais back to the French crown. This could have been a major victory without loss of life if John II had accepted it. He did not however.<br /><span></span>King John II responded to this generous offer by demanding that the Prince himself and 100 of his best knights surrender to the French. This was not a shining moment for the French king, as he would regret this decision shortly.<br /><span></span>Obviously, the Black Prince was not about to turn himself over, and the battle began shortly after. Drawing on past experience in fighting the French, Prince Edward employed much the same tactics in this battle as he had at the Battle of Crecy. Using his longbow-men, the prince set up defensive positions to protect them, and allowed the French to come charging at him. It is reported that the English long bow was not quite powerful enough to penetrate the French armor here, due in part to the armor being a bit rounded. In any event, the English shot the horses out from under the French.<br /><span></span>It is important to note here that the Dauphin Charles was leading the infantry for the French. Though the Dauphin had around 1000 troops with him, they were unable to penetrate the English hedge. The Dauphin had to retreat and regroup. The other infantry unit, lead by the Duke of Orleans, panicked and retreated as well, leaving King John II alone with his unit.<br />In the end, the Black Prince led a cavalry unit to the French flank, closing the king in. the English had began running low on arrows, and many of the archers had actually mounted horses to join in the cavalry charge.<br /><span></span>Completely surrounded, the French tried to flee. It is said that John wielded a large battle ax valiantly, but his helmet was knocked off. A French knight that was exiled and now fighting for the English, Denis de Morbecque, said to him:<br /><span></span>&ldquo;Sire, I am a knight of Artois. Lead yourself to me and I will lead you to the Prince of Wales.&rdquo;<br />So it was that the King of France, King John II, was taken by the Black Prince. He was treated fairy well, with some sources reporting that he was allowed to travel and enjoy a semi-regal lifestyle. Eventually, he was transported to the Tower of London. No one from the French side dared to attempt a rescue their king.<br /><span></span>The ransom of the king was set a 3 million crowns, a substantial amount of money; money that the French did not have at the time. The king left his son Louis of Anjou at the English controlled city of Calais and returned to France with the Treaty of Bretigny in 1360. He was sent to help raise funds to pay the English his ransom. Louis of Anjou, however, dishonored his family when he escaped his holding. With the treaty now in peril, King John II did something that was very honorable, though foolish; he returned himself to the captivity of the English. In April of 1364, John II died of an illness, and the French were left again disheartened and had to decide who would take the throne.<br /><span></span>Charles V succeeded him John to the throne, and singed the Treaty of Bretigny. This treaty made Edward III renounce his claim to the French crown, along with gaining Edward III&rsquo;s holdings in Aquitaine. Disputes arose as the Prince of Wales, also now the Prince of Aquitaine taxed his subjects to pay for a war in Castile. Protests arose, and the subjects asked for help from Paris. Charles V met with his advisors and lawyers, and it was decided that Aquitaine was still under French rule due to Edward not following the renunciations. In 1369, Charles v declared war on Edward III.<br /><span></span>Charles V fought the English back, wining many small battles along the way. Brittany reconciled with the French throne, and the Breton Knight Bertrand du Guesclin became one of the most successful generals for the French in the Hundred Years War.<br />The Black Prince, on the Iberian Peninsula fighting, became ill and in 1371 was relieved of command. In 1376, the Black Prince died. He was buried just outside of Canterbury cathedral. The next year, Edward III passed away as well, and the English throne went to Richard II.<br /><span></span><br /><br /><span></span><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Medieval Facts on WNPR's Colin McEnroe Show]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-facts-on-wnprs-colin-mcenroe-show]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-facts-on-wnprs-colin-mcenroe-show#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 28 Apr 2016 00:40:52 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-facts-on-wnprs-colin-mcenroe-show</guid><description><![CDATA[On April 13th, Medieval Facts Examiner Troy Depue was featured as a guest on the Colin McEnroe Show. The show is broadcast from Connecticut reaching many surrounding areas.&nbsp;The topic at hand was Medieval Jesters. I primarily talked about the information provided in my article here.&nbsp;It was an absolute blast, and I must say that Mr. McEnroe, along with the hard work of producer Josh Nilaya provided a vr good interview that was very informative and well working for both the interviewer an [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="3"><font size="4"><font size="5"><br /><br />On April 13th, Medieval Facts Examiner Troy Depue was featured as a guest on the <a href="http://wnpr.org/people/colin-mcenroe" target="_blank">Colin McEnroe Show</a>. The show is broadcast from Connecticut reaching many surrounding areas.&nbsp;</font></font></font><br /><font size="3"></font><br /><br /><font size="3"><font size="4"><font size="5">The topic at hand was Medieval Jesters. I primarily talked about the information provided in my article <a href="http://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-jester-more-than-just-a-fool" target="_blank">here</a>.&nbsp;<br /><br />It was an absolute blast, and I must say that Mr. McEnroe, along with the hard work of producer Josh Nilaya provided a vr good interview that was very informative and well working for both the interviewer and interviewee.&nbsp;<br /><br />To listen to the interview, Click <a href="http://wnpr.org/post/jesters-and-fools-history-wit-and-whimsy#stream/0" target="_blank">here</a></font></font></font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Medieval Biological Warfare]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-biological-warfare]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-biological-warfare#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 09 Feb 2016 17:51:50 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-biological-warfare</guid><description><![CDATA[       http://www.flickr.com/photos/aloriel/      In today&rsquo;s world, the words Biological Warfare bring to mind pictures of Anthrax, and deadly scientific viruses that men in white suites work underground to secretly construct. They are viewed as the most heinous of all forms of warfare; used by an army to distill fear, terror, and panic into the enemy.This form of warfare, however, has had many incarnations dating back to near the beginning of time. Arrows have been tipped in everything fr [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/3892472_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><em>http://www.flickr.com/photos/aloriel/</em><br /><span></span></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="4">In today&rsquo;s world, the words Biological Warfare bring to mind pictures of Anthrax, and deadly scientific viruses that men in white suites work underground to secretly construct. They are viewed as the most heinous of all forms of warfare; used by an army to distill fear, terror, and panic into the enemy.<br />This form of warfare, however, has had many incarnations dating back to near the beginning of time. Arrows have been tipped in everything from dung to fungus to poisons. These can be viewed as biological or chemical warfare.<br />Let&rsquo;s take a look a bit deeper into the medieval and predating era on biological warfare and how it shaped today&rsquo;s world:<br /><br /><strong>The Romans<br /></strong><br />It is believed that the Romans were the first to launch dead animals over castle walls. This was a strategically brilliant idea for several reasons; the first being that during sieges, the army that is besieging the castle/town/city would, under normal circumstances, burn the outlaying farmlands in an effort to starve the dwellers within. By launching putrid meat over the walls to starving men, the men would inevitably eat the spoiled meat and spread disease throughout.<br />Another reason that this was tactically ingenious was this: imagine yourself, geared up and ready for battle against an army that was probably much larger in number than your own. Your nerves are on edge. Your muscles ache in anticipation. Your mind is never far from the thought of death, either for you or an opponent. Then, out of nowhere, a pig comes flying over the walls to splatter a few feet from you. It would be demoralizing in a major way to you and your fellow comrades.<br />A third, and most interesting reason for this being ingenious, was that, in several cases throughout history, the besieging army did not want to destroy the castle, rather to overtake it and set up a new base of operations there. By launching stones at the wall, that would just mean that once overtaken, the new occupants would then have to turn around and repair their newly acquired base. By launching pigs and cows, it was a matter of cleanup, not rebuilding an entire outer defense.<br /><br /><strong>Hannibal of Carthage<br /></strong><br />Hannibal is credited, along with a long list of other accreditations, gets my vote for most unique form of biological warfare.<br />In 184 BC, Hannibal ordered his Carthaginian troops to fill large clay pots with some of the most venomous snakes that they could find. In the ensuing naval battle against the Pergamenes, the clay pots were then launched onto the enemies ships. The clay would shatter and now the Pergamene ships were now filled with angry venomous snakes amidst the chaos that was already ensuing.<br />In 198 AD, the Parthian city of Hatra, which is now in Iraq, beat back a Roman onslaught by much similar means. Instead of snakes, however, the clay pots were filled with live scorpions.<br /><br /><strong>The Gold Standard leader of Medieval Biological Warfare, Khan<br /></strong><br />In 1346 AD, Khan Janibeg, believed to be descendant of Genghis Khan, led the Golden Horde against the city of Caffa, or Kaffa. Stories differ, but the gist is that Khan used plague infected bodies as catapult ammo to hurl over the enemy walls.<br />One story says that his own men had become infected with the plague and he was using his own men to throw over the walls and thus helped to introduce the plague to the European world.<br />While that may very well be the case, the other story that has been told is that Khan led his men in conquest of smaller outlaying towns first; taking many occupants as slaves as he went. It is unknown whether his own men first became infected with the plague or if these towns already had cases of the plague in this version. Regardless of which side began with the plague, Khan used his newly captured slaves of war to handle the dead plague victims and load them into the catapults to then launch over Caffa&rsquo;s walls. In using his captured slaves of war, Khan did not continue to infect his own men.<br />The latter story is the one that strategically is sounder, and why Khan is credited with the first<em>true</em>&nbsp;version of biological warfare.<br />This tactic was duplicated time and time again throughout the middle ages.<br />A little known fact: The song &ldquo;Ring around the Rosie&rdquo; is about burning the plague victims.<br /><br /><strong>Biological warfare continues<br />&#8203;</strong><br />The 15th century saw the new world introduced to biological warfare as Spanish Pizarro &ldquo;gifted&rdquo; clothing to South American natives. The clothing was contaminated with smallpox. This was duplicated in the 18th century by Lord Jeffery Amherst during the French-Indian War unto the American Indians.<br />In today&rsquo;s world, the use of biological warfare has been outlawed by the Geneva Convention, but it is known that countries such as Russia and Iraq have developed and used these tactics. The U.S. supposedly ended its special military program on biological warfare investigations in 1969, but with the rest of the world not abiding by the rules, who can be sure?<br />I leave this article with one last line: There are no rules in true war, only winners and losers, regardless of how the end goal is reached.<br />sources:</font><ul><li><font color="#0000ff"><u><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/bioweapons/"><font color="#4489e3" size="4"><strong>www.cbc.ca/news/background/bioweapons/</strong></font></a></u></font></li><li><font color="#0000ff"><u><a target="_blank" href="http://wikipedia.org/wiki/biological_warfare"><font color="#4489e3" size="4"><strong>http://wikipedia.org/wiki/biological_warfare</strong></font></a></u></font></li><li><font size="4">Wheelis M. (2002) "Biological warfare at the 1346 siege of Caffa"</font></li><li><font color="#0000ff"><u><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no9/01-0536.htm"><font color="#4489e3" size="4"><strong>www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol8no9/01-0536.htm</strong></font></a></u></font></li><li><font color="#0000ff"><u><a target="_blank" href="http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html"><font color="#4489e3" size="4"><strong>www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html</strong></font></a></u></font></li><li><font size="4">The History Channel</font></li><li><font color="#0000ff"><u><a target="_blank" href="http://www.historychannel.com/"><font color="#4489e3" size="4"><strong>www.historychannel.com</strong></font></a></u></font></li></ul><br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[ “This man? This cannot be Sir William Wallace, for I am prettier than this man!”]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/-this-man-this-cannot-be-sir-william-wallace-for-i-am-prettier-than-this-man]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/-this-man-this-cannot-be-sir-william-wallace-for-i-am-prettier-than-this-man#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 16 Jan 2016 18:25:45 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/-this-man-this-cannot-be-sir-william-wallace-for-i-am-prettier-than-this-man</guid><description><![CDATA[           http://i.images.cdn.fotopedia.com/chmehl-KYmZhLaxWLo-hd/Countries_of_the_World/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Statue_of_William_Wallace.jpgWe all, undoubtedly, have seen Mel Gibson&rsquo;s portrayal of William Wallace in the blockbuster movie Braveheart. This, however, is a movie, and we all know how historically inaccurate Hollywood can make something and still say that it is &ldquo;based on true events.&rdquo; So, who was William Wallace of Scotland?Blind Harry reportedly wrote abou [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/8615834_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <h2 class="wsite-content-title" style="text-align:left;"><em><font size="1">http://i.images.cdn.fotopedia.com/chmehl-KYmZhLaxWLo-hd/Countries_of_the_World/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Statue_of_William_Wallace.jpg</font></em><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">We all, undoubtedly, have seen Mel Gibson&rsquo;s portrayal of William Wallace in the blockbuster movie Braveheart. This, however, is a movie, and we all know how historically inaccurate Hollywood can make something and still say that it is &ldquo;based on true events.&rdquo; So, who was William Wallace of Scotland?</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Blind Harry reportedly wrote about the life and times of Wallace, though this book has never been seen in its original form in modern times, though there are re-edited forms in circulation. The original was written over 200 years after Wallace died, and is suspect to have been an oral story only for many years before someone actually wrote it down from hearing Blind Harry. It is also suspect to many historical exaggerations and flat out lies to make the story all the better for a story teller to draw in his crowd. There are instances in the movie &ldquo;Braveheart&rdquo; that came straight out of Blind Harry&rsquo;s accounts.<br /></span><br />William&rsquo;s family and upbringing<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Not much is known about the year that William was born, or much of his early life. There are even disputes of his father&rsquo;s name and what noble line William Wallace came from. From the research I have conducted over numerous years (over 9 years), the most probable conclusion is that William was the son of Alan Wallace. His brothers were Malcolm and John. Alan Wallace appears in the Ragman Rolls as a crown tenant in Ayrshire, which is where the iconic red lion on the yellow background that was Wallace&rsquo;s coat of arms, and Robert the Bruce&rsquo;s later battle standards, comes from.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">King Alexander III ruled Scotland when William was a child, but died suddenly after falling off of a horse. King Alexander III did not have a clear heir, so the throne went to Margaret, Maid of Norway; a 4 year old. Being a child as she was, there was no way that she could handle the throne, so the nobles needed a temporary solution for a ruler until Margaret was old enough to be a Queen. The Scottish nobles fought each other over who had more claim to the throne, including John Balliol and Robert Bruce. Balliol asked King Edward of England to step in and declare him the new King. Edward did, and declared Balliol king, but not without forcing Balliol to pay homage to him. In essence, Balliol was a ruler of a land that Edward and England owned. Balliol rescinded his relationship with Edward after Edward continued to suppress Scotland. Scotland had gone from peace and stability to near civil war.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">In steps the snake, King Edward &ldquo;The Longshanks&rdquo;. It is debatable, but it is rumored that Longshanks had his son, a mere teen at the time, married to Margaret. Then, because they were both so young, Longshanks declared himself an interim. To add insult to injury, Margaret&rsquo;s chariot mysteriously fell off the side of a cliff on her voyage back to Scotland. This left Longshanks to declare himself the one and only king of Scotland, as his son was not old enough yet to rule.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The Scottish nobles, some anyways, rebelled with what little force they had. William&rsquo;s father and brothers died while William was still young during one of these failed attempts to rebel. It is reported that William lived with his mother, but may have left to go with his uncle. There is no evidence of this, and some stories have his uncle as a priest while others say a traveling merchant. Wallace did know Latin, French, and Gaelic, whether that be from his fabled uncle or from being a descendant of Richard Wallace who had been a Norman Breton Knight.<br /></span><br />William Wallace steps into history<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">There is no evidence anywhere that William Wallace ever had a wife, but Blind Harry strikes again with his explanation of how Wallace started his killing of the English. In Blind Harry&rsquo;s story, Wallace had been married to a Scottish woman Marion. He had to marry her in secret due to Longshanks instating primae noctics. This law is a fictional law that stated that the first night that any peasant bride was married, the noble in that area had sexual rights to her on the night of her wedding. The idea has been around in many fictional stores, but never with any evidence to support.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">In Blind Harry&rsquo;s story, the local sheriff kills Marion, so Wallace kills him with a short dagger. Another story has Wallace beginning his devastation of English soldiers when he was stopped after fishing by two of them. They demanded his catch. Wallace, stubborn as ever, refused, and fought the two soldiers off and killed them with his fishing rod. This would have been a great story to tell, but there is no real, hard evidence that it happened.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">William&rsquo;s first battle was at Loudon Hill, the same place that his father had died. Being victorious there, he moved into Ayr and won there. In August of 1297, Wallace took his men to join with Andrew Moray, a man who had already started a Scottish uprising of his own. Moray was just as, if not more, of an important influence on the Scottish fights against the English tyranny, but gets lost in the fantasy realm of William Wallace&rsquo;s exploits. Moray had already successfully taken Aberdeen, Glasgow, Perth, Scone, Dundee, and essentially all of northern Scotland. Moray was a Highlander, and was war trained and experienced. Wallace himself was a lowlander, and it is not known what sort of, if any, military training he had ever received.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">On September 11 1297, Wallace and Moray joined for their first combined forces battle against the English. The Brits had come with a combined force of their own, consisting of a professionally trained army of 3,000 cavalry and 10,000 infantry. In the Hollywood story, the scenery is that of an open grassland. This was the farthest from the truth. Stirling was a bridge, a narrow but very important wooden bridge across a deep river. The bridge only allowed for three or four of the 3,000 cavalry to cross at once. If it were an open field, Wallace and Moray&rsquo;s forces would have been run down like an ant pile under the cavalry. But, using the landscape to their advantage, Wallace and Moray waited on one side of the bridge, out of bow shot from the English longbowmen. Once the cavalry was sent, Wallace and Moray moved as many men as they could to rush onto the bridge. This created a backup of sorts, as the bridge was way too narrow to allow the cavalry to flank, or move at all once pressured. The bridge collapsed, and many of the English drowned in the river. Wallace and Moray had won a major battle by using their heads to outsmart their opponent. Moray, however, had become mortally wounded and died either on the field of battle or soon thereafter.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Blind Harry&rsquo;s story states that Wallace had men waiting in the river below and caused the bridge to collapse. There is no evidence of this, but this one is feasible. Wallace and Moray knew that by using the bridge to their advantage they could not only clog up and make the English numbers mean little; but they had to know also that the little wooden bridge could not hold up under that much weight. What better plan than to have some of your men sabotage the bridge at the exact moment you wish?<br /></span><br />Scottish Knight and Guardian of Scotland<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Upon word of his glorious win at Stirling, Wallace, along with his now 2nd in command John de Graham, were knighted. Wallace was also given an all-important title of &ldquo;Guardian of Scotland&rdquo;. This gave Wallace command over all of the Scottish forces, and Wallace looked to storm into England itself, a rash idea that was almost unthinkable. The English were trained men, most of the Scottish armies were men that had not until recently trained with a sword. The Scots had no cavalry. The English had their infamous longbowmen. The odds were most definitely not in Wallace&rsquo;s favor.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">News of Wallace&rsquo;s victory at Stirling had not only reached Scottish noble ears. Longshanks oversaw an attack into Roxburgh. Lothian in Scotland was razed, but Wallace avoided capture and would not come before the English force on their terms. Longshanks would not relent in his search; he wanted &ldquo;Wallace&rsquo;s heart on a plate&rdquo; to quote the movie.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">On July 22 of 1298, Wallace led his men into The Battle of Falkirk against an army personally led by Longshanks. At this battle, the English crushed the Scottish resistance. It is rumored that a Scottish noble who was secretly paying homage to Edward betrayed Wallace and this is what led to his defeat. This, however, was not as played out in the movie. Robert the Bruce did not betray Wallace. There is no evidence that any Scottish noble betrayed Wallace at this particular time.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Many Scots died in this battle. William escaped alive, while many in his army tasted English steel in their chest. This gave Wallace a bit of a bad name, as it was thought cowardly for him to flee rather than go down with his men. His army disbanded.<br /></span><br />Fall from Guardian<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">William decided, whether on his own accord or not, to step down as Guardian of Scotland in September of 1298, just a year after Stirling. He handed Robert the Bruce the role of the new leader of Scotland. Bruce, however, began talking peace with Longshanks. This is the one time that Wallace felt betrayed by the Bruce. Wallace hated any idea of peace with England, and warned Robert that Longshanks would never truly desire peace so long as Scotland desired to be free of English rule.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">In 1302, Robert the Bruce signed a peace deal with England. Wallace, however, had not waited for this domino to fall and had already set out nearly 4 years before with William Crawford to France to plead assistance from King Philip IV. France and England had been at odds for some time, and were for some time in the future as well. King Philip IV would not risk his men for another country when his own lands were threatened by England. So, in 1303, 5 years after they had set out, Wallace returned home to Scotland. Wallace knew he was hunted by the English, and that with the new peace deal with Longshanks, there were those Scots that would turn him in as an outlaw.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Several times this happened, but Wallace was a sly fox and avoided capture many times, killing one of his own men himself for being a turn coat. In 1304, Wallace came out of hiding to fight in the Action of Earnside. It was called an action rather than a battle because of the peace treaty, but, as Shakespeare wrote &ldquo;A rose by any other name&rdquo;&hellip;<br /></span><br />Capture and a horrifying end<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">It was on August 5th 1305 that the traitor John de Menteith turned Wallace over to Longshanks. Menteith had been a Scottish knight who now bowed his head to Edward I in fealty and loyalty. Wallace was tried for treason. He denied this charges time and time again, asking &ldquo;How can I be treasonous when I am not his subject?&rdquo;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Nevertheless, the court at Westminster Hall found Wallace guilty. On August 23rd of 1305, one of the most brutal executions ever recorded took place. This part the movie got fairly close.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">First Wallace&rsquo;s hands were tied together, as well his feet. The other end of each rope was tied to a plow horse. The horses began pulling in opposite directions, popping bones out of place and tearing ligaments. The horses were stopped just shy of ripping his limbs off.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Then, Wallace was strung up by the neck to suffocate for a time, and then released to gasp for air before he passed out.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">After that, he was set upon a table where he was castrated. His genitals were shown to him after they were cut from his groin.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">His stomach was cut open and his entrails pulled out. A person can live for an hour of more with their entrails outside of their body. Wallace&rsquo;s entrails were burned before him.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">After his entrails were burnt, he was finally given the release of death by beheading (which has religious footnotes on it). His head was dipped in tar and preserved to sit upon a pike atop London Bridge. His arms and legs were taken separately to display at Newcastle, Berwick-Tweed- Stirling, and Aberdeen.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">This was meant to send a message to the Scots, but the message was not received the way that Longshanks had hoped for.<br /></span><br />The Bruce is back<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Edward I died not long after Wallace&rsquo;s death. His son, Edward II was an imbecile compared to his father. Edward I had never truly stopped his attacks on Scotland, and after Robert the Bruce witnessed what Longshanks had done to Wallace, he began a new rebellion against England. Robert took up Wallace&rsquo;s family coat of arms to use as his battle standards.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">This time, however, with the twerp Edward II on the throne, Robert was finally able to defeat the English and win his country&rsquo;s independence.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">There is a poem written by Bernard Barton (1784-1849) that tells a story of Robert The Bruce watching a spider try 6 times to shoot a strand of web across to start a web, and 6 times the spider failed. On the 7th, the spider succeeded. Robert took this as a sign that, even though he had been defeated 6 times, the 7th would succeed.<br /><br /></span><br />Bruce and the Spider<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">By: Bernard Barton<br /></span><br /><em><span style="font-weight: normal;">For Scotland's and for freedom's right</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The Bruce his part has played;--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">In five successive fields of fight</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Been conquered and dismayed:</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Once more against the English host</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">His band he led, and once more lost</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The meed for which he fought;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And now from battle, faint and worn,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The homeless fugitive, forlorn,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">A hut's lone shelter sought.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And cheerless was that resting-place</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">For him who claimed a throne;--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">His canopy, devoid of grace,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The rude, rough beams alone;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The heather couch his only bed--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Yet well I ween had slumber fled</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">From couch of eider down!</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Through darksome night till dawn of day,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Absorbed in wakeful thought he lay</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Of Scotland and her crown.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The sun rose brightly, and its gleam</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Fell on that hapless bed,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And tinged with light each shapeless beam</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Which roofed the lowly shed;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">When, looking up with wistful eye,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The Bruce beheld a spider try</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">His filmy thread to fling</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">From beam to beam of that rude cot--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And well the insect's toilsome lot</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Taught Scotland's future king.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Six times the gossamery thread</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The wary spider threw;--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">In vain the filmy line was sped,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">For powerless or untrue</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Each aim appeared, and back recoiled</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The patient insect, six times foiled,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And yet unconquered still;</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And soon the Bruce, with eager eye,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Saw him prepare once more to try</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">His courage, strength, and skill.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">One effort more, his seventh and last!--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The hero hailed the sign!--</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And on the wished-for beam hung fast</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">That slender silken line!</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Slight as it was, his spirit caught</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The more than omen; for his thought</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">The lesson well could trace,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Which even "he who runs may read,"</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">That Perseverance gains its meed,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">And Patience wins the race.<br /><br />&#8203;</span></em><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Sources:</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Bernard Barton's Bruce and the Spider poem</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">Blind Harry's The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campion Schir William Wallace</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wallace</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/william-wallace-203.php</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.scottishweb.net/articles/101/1/The-Real-William-Wallace/Page1.html</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1139/did-medieval-lords-have-right-of-the-first-night-with-the-local-brides</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/william-wallace.html</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.poetry-archive.com/b/bruce_and_the_spider.html</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.scottishradiance.com/bookreviews/bharry.htm</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.electricscotland.com/history/nation/William%20Wallace.pdf</span><br></h2>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Medieval Jester - More Than Just a Fool]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-jester-more-than-just-a-fool]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-jester-more-than-just-a-fool#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 28 Dec 2015 21:58:53 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/medieval-jester-more-than-just-a-fool</guid><description><![CDATA[       &#8203;"Jan Matejko, Sta&#324;czyk" by Jan Matejko - http://cyfrowe.mnw.art.pl/dmuseion/docmetadata?id=4795. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko,_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg#/media/File:Jan_Matejko,_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg      Many think the social status of a jester was that of a traveling vagabond. In most cases, this was far from the truth.&nbsp;There were traveling jugglers,&nbsp;story tellers, and basic jesters. Think of them as the medieva [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/5882367_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="1"><font size="1"><font size="1"><font size="1"><font size="1"><font size="1"><font size="1"><font size="1">&#8203;"Jan Matejko, Sta&#324;czyk" by Jan Matejko - http://cyfrowe.mnw.art.pl/dmuseion/docmetadata?id=4795. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko,_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg#/media/File:Jan_Matejko,_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Many think the social status of a jester was that of a traveling vagabond. In most cases, this was far from the truth.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>There were traveling jugglers,&nbsp;</span><span>story tellers</span><span>, and basic jesters. Think of them as the medieval version of &ldquo;carnival workers&rdquo;. Cast aside by the norm, these were the thieving, mentally irregular, avoidable sorts of people.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>These, as stated, were not uniform in the world of jesters. Almost every noble employed a jester for his/her own entertainment throughout the medieval ages, with many having knowledge that no one else may have had; an extreme confidant of the utmost secrets.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>Deformities and&nbsp;</span><span>Metal</span><span>&nbsp;disabilities</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>While not all were, the cruel days of the medieval ages saw a few of these paid entertainers that were either deformed or disabled. They could be dwarfs, as the medieval people thought these little people to be very merry and funny. It could also be something more than simply being smaller; it could be an obvious physical deformity, such as a severe facial deformity or limbs that were out of the norm. The jesters would poke fun at their own expense in these cases, but also use them as a tool to poke fun at the noble court that they served in.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>There were also those that were mentally disabled in some capacity. These jesters are not noted as well in the courts as others were, as most jesters had to be very quick of wit. However, there are findings of people thought to have been &ldquo;touched by God&rdquo; that would babble on about random things like an insane person might, and people would laugh and listen to them tell stories from their &ldquo;warped point of view&rdquo;. These mentally disabled people were called &ldquo;fools&rdquo; and in most cases were not much more than a beggar sitting on the sides of the roads with a pan or bucket in front of them to catch the few coins that were thrown their way.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>A man of many skills</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>These motley dressed characters most times were employed directly by the king or ruling noble, to entertain and amuse as he saw fit. The jester would be a master in juggling, singing, dancing, acrobatic feats, mimicking, voice tricks (including some ventriloquism), all round joke telling, or any combination thereof.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>These men were masters in their respected skill of choice; mixing the skill into the general mockery or merry making.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>A man who could mock a King and Queen</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>The jesters were given a power that no other person in the kingdom was granted: the power to openly mock any noble he saw fit, even the King or Queen. So long as it was done in a jesting manner, a jester could get away with poking fun at any of the nobles shortcomings.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>King James VI of&nbsp;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Scotland</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>&nbsp;employed his jester, George Buchanan during his rule in the mid 1500&rsquo;s. King James VI was notoriously lazy about just signing official papers before reading them. This became a serious problem in the kingdom. George (1506-1582) went to James VI and tricked him into abdicating the entire rule of&nbsp;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Scotland</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>&nbsp;to himself for 15 days. King James VI began reading the documents before signing them from then on.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Who else could have had that sort of impact on a King? Surely any other servant in the court could not have openly pointed out the Kings shortcomings in such a brazen fashion without severe punishment.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>Deliverance of bad news</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Along with the tasks of general mockery, jesters were given the task of delivering bad news to their King in a way that would make light of a situation; thus lessening the blow of bad news. The term, &lsquo;don&rsquo;t kill the messenger&rsquo; comes to mind, as oftentimes if not given in a jest, the news would upset the King to the point of punishing the messenger. Jesters were used in these situations as they could deliver the news without fear of the same types of punishment; turning something horrible into a hilarious joke.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>One such example was in 1340 when French King&nbsp;</span><span>Phillippe</span><span>&nbsp;VI&rsquo;s entire naval fleet had been destroyed by the English in The Battle of Sluys. No one else dared to tell&nbsp;</span><span>Phillippe</span><span>&nbsp;VI this news save his jester, who told his King that the English sailors &ldquo;don&rsquo;t even have the guts to jump in the water like our brave French&rdquo;.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>Disgrace of a jester</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>There have been certain instances of a jester being disgraced for overstepping his bounds. This happened to Archibald Armstrong,</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>&#8239;</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Armstrong"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Armstrong</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span></a><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>However, even after being disgraced to the point of being threatened to be hung, Archibald gained favor in King Charles and was granted a large acreage of land in&nbsp;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Ireland</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>. Even after, books telling of his jokes were circulated in&nbsp;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>London</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>This was rare, however. Rumors state that some nobles went so far as to reprimand their jesters for not being lewd enough in their picking out the nobles flaws.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>Royal Dwarf</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>There was one Jeffery Hudson that proved to be an interesting story. Thought to have been born in 1619, this would out him well out of the medieval era, but a story worth reading nonetheless.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Jeffery Hudson, at the age of seven, was presented to the Duchess of Buckingham as a &ldquo;rarity of nature&rdquo;.&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;was a dwarf, but very unique dwarf due to his perfect proportions. Thought to have been only around 19 inches tall, he was very small indeed. Dwarfs and little people were not uncommon in medieval&nbsp;</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Europe</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>, though none were reported to have been proportioned as Jeffery was.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>After joining the Duchess of Buckingham&rsquo;s house, they soon entertained King Charles and his French wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. The Queen became enamored with&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;from his elaborate entrance. The Duke and Duchess presented the Queen with a very large pie, from which Jeffery popped out of. So amused the Queen was, the Duke and Duchess offered Jeffery to her as an amusing gift.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Raised from the age of seven with Queen Henrietta in her court, the French Queen raised him Roman Catholic like she was. The Queen was French, and Roman Catholic, two things that were the cause of some tension in London.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Jeffery even traveled with the Queen several times. Once at the age of ten he traveled with the Queen to France. It was under the guise of procuring a midwife, but it was more likely to give Jeffery an appreciation of French courts.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>On the way back across the Channel, their ship was overtaken by Dunkirk Pirates who plundered the ship. Eventually they were released back to London.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Jeffery grew higher and higher in the ranks of the Queens&nbsp;</span><span>court</span><span>. Very witty and intelligent, Jeffery learned to ride a horse and shoot pistols very well. Through all of it, Jeffery knew that if it were not for his size and proportionality, he would not have had the opportunity to be in the court.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>The fact that King Charles was married to a French Roman Catholic lead into the Parliament and the Royalist starting an armed civil war of sorts. The Queen gave&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;the title of &ldquo;Captain of Horse&rdquo;. This was no jesters joke.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>While Jeffery knew that his size got him into the courts,&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;decided that he would no longer play the part of a jester. He had raised himself up to the point of Captain&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;Hudson, and would no longer hear of any insults or jests made his way. The Queens Master of Horse, William Crofts had a brother that learned this the hard way. It was never written what the insult was, but Crofts offended Jeffery.&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;in turn challenged Crofts to a duel, on horseback, with pistols. Crofts was shot in dead through his head by the little Jeffery Hudson. Problem was that Dueling had been outlawed for many years in France. The Queen asked the French that she administer the punishment and had no other choice but to expel him from her court.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>The rest of Jeffery Hudson&rsquo;s life is highly disputed and rumored. One such rumor was that he was again captured by pirates and forced into slave labor in North Africa for years before returning perhaps 25 years later. It was rumored that he grew 45 inches in those years; doubling his height. These stories are not confirmed. There are sketchy records of&nbsp;</span><span>Jeffery</span><span>&nbsp;returning to London to be sent to prison for being a Roman Catholic where he died at an unknown time, from an unknown cause, and buried at an unknown location.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>Famous fictional jesters</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>There have been many famous fictional jesters in both literature and movies. Puck, William Shakespeare&rsquo;s character from &ldquo;A Midsummer&rsquo;s Night Dream&rdquo; is one of the most widely recognized. The audience was introduced with some flair in the following quote:</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>&ldquo;Thou speak'st aright;</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>I am that merry wanderer of the night.</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>I jest to Oberon and make him smile</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>When I a fat and bean-fed horse beguile,</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Neighing in likeness of a filly foal:</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>And sometime lurk I in a gossip's bowl,</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>In very likeness of a roasted crab,</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>And when she drinks, against her lips I&nbsp;</span><span>bob</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>And on her wither'd dewlap pour the ale.</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>The wisest aunt, telling the saddest tale,</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Sometime for three-foot stool mistaketh me;</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>Then slip I from her bum, down topples she,</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>And 'tailor' cries, and falls into a cough;</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>And then the whole quire hold their hips and laugh,</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>And waxen in their mirth and neeze and swear</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>A merrier hour was never wasted there.</span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span></span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>(Act ii., Scene&nbsp;</span><span>i.</span><span>)&rdquo;</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>But this is not the only reference of a &ldquo;fool&rdquo; or jester in Shakespeare&rsquo;s works. There are approximately 22 identifiable &ldquo;fools&rdquo; in&nbsp;</span><span>Shakespear</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>e</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>an</span></span><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>&nbsp;plays, though many are never clearly identified as jesters.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>This fact points to the importance a jester had on the times and times earlier than Shakespeare; otherwise he would not have thought to create the characters in his plays.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>In closing, do not think of a jester as a dimwitted fool, as you would not be correct. Jesters played a major role in the shaping of the medieval and early renaissance era. The traveling gypsies were there, but not the true meaning of the word jester.</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>A quote from the comedy &ldquo;The Court Jester&rdquo;:</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span xml:lang="EN-US"><span>&ldquo;I was battered and bruised but the king was amused and before the&nbsp;</span><span>siesta</span><span>&nbsp;he made me his jester and I found out soon that to be a buffoon was a serious thing as a rule! For a jester's chief employment is to kill himself for your enjoyment, and a jester unemployed is nobody's fool!&rdquo;</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><br /><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>Sources</span></span><span>&nbsp;</span><ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jester"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jester</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.foolsforhire.com/info/history.html"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.foolsforhire.com/info/history.html</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.larsdatter.com/foolwear.htm"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.larsdatter.com/foolwear.htm</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/640914.html"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/640914.html</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Fools_and_jesters.aspx"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Fools_and_jesters.aspx</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.2020site.org/history/jesters-of-the-middle-ages.html"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.2020site.org/history/jesters-of-the-middle-ages.html</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Jesters-in-the-Medieval-Times"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Jesters-in-the-Medieval-Times#anc_1</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Hudson"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Hudson</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puck_(A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream)"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puck_(A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream)</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://www.great-quotes.com/quotes/movie/The+Court+Jester"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://www.great-quotes.com/quotes/movie/The+Court+Jester</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespearean_fool"><span xml:lang="EN-US" style="font-weight:bold"><span>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespearean_fool</span></span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></li></ul><span>&nbsp;</span></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vlad the Impaler; AKA Dracula﻿]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/vlad-the-impaler-aka-dracula]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/vlad-the-impaler-aka-dracula#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 31 Oct 2015 15:11:03 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/vlad-the-impaler-aka-dracula</guid><description><![CDATA[       Draculahttp://www.flickr.com/photos/bigdogyvr/4646076997/&#8203;      With Halloween today, no one can deny the impact that vampires have had on our culture. Take a look at the father of all vampires, DraculaThere is no denying it, everywhere you look there are vampires, or something inspired by vampires. Every year countless people dawn the plastic fake fangs and exclaim "I will suck your blood". But why is it so popular?Think about all of it:There have been countless incarnations of Dra [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/2186095_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">Dracula<br /><em>http://www.flickr.com/photos/bigdogyvr/4646076997/</em><br />&#8203;</div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="4">With Halloween today, no one can deny the impact that vampires have had on our culture. Take a look at the father of all vampires, Dracula<br />There is no denying it, everywhere you look there are vampires, or something inspired by vampires. Every year countless people dawn the plastic fake fangs and exclaim "I will suck your blood". But why is it so popular?<br />Think about all of it:<br />There have been countless incarnations of Dracula and vampire based movies, including Hollywood's latest dysentery-ous spewing, the&nbsp;<em>Twilight</em>&nbsp;saga. There have been a few fictional vampire movies that were not as bad, including&nbsp;<em>Underworld, Blade,</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Queen of the Damned</em>.<br />Vampires have had an unmistakable impact on books as well. The most famous of these books in my opinion is&nbsp;<em>Bram Stoker's Dracula</em>.<br />Street has a character on the children's program, Count Von Count that is the modern visage of Dracula and speaks with a horrendous attempt at a Transylvanian accent to teach kids to count.<br />Let&rsquo;s take a look at the father of all vampires, the&nbsp;<strong>real</strong>&nbsp;Dracula,&nbsp;<a href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/vlad-the-impaler">Vlad the Impaler</a>.<br /><br /><strong>Vlad II, Dracula's Father<br /></strong><br />Vlad III was born 1431 in Transylvania. Vlad III was the son of Vlad II, a knight in the Order of Dracul, or order of the dragon (or devil to some people). The Order of Dracul was a secret society formed to uphold Christianity and defend the empire against Islamic Turks.<br />In 1436, Vlad II took the throne of Walachia, which along with Transylvania and Moldavia is now Romania. After just two years on the throne, Vlad II defied the Order and made a peace treaty deal with the Turks. As part of this deal, Vlad III and his brother Radu, were to stay with Sultan Murad II as a sort of insurance policy that Vlad II would not attack the Turks lest his sons be destroyed.<br />This pro-Turkish policy did not go over very well with everyone. In 1447, Vlad II was assassinated by one of his own relatives, John Hunyadi. After his father's death, Vlad III was released from his capture, even though his brother decided to stay. Vlad III found that the throne that was rightfully his was occupied by Hunyadi and his chosen underlings. The young Dracula fought and in 1456, he killed his father's murderer and took his throne. Anyone that was too weak to be a good slave was impaled for everyone to see. This began the legacy that would be Vlad the Impaler.<br /><br /><strong>Vlad III Dracula, AKA Vlad the Imapler's Rule<br /></strong><br />Vlad was a strict, some would say tyrannical, ruler. He demanded strict order, and would severely punish anyone that dared to not follow law and morals. There are rumors that he even had one of his wives disemboweled in public for lying to him about being pregnant. He reportedly placed a solid gold cup unguarded in the center of town. The cup was never guarded, but no thief dared to try to steal this cup for fear of the punishment that would bestow him for stealing; most probably impalement.<br />When we talk about this impaling, we are not talking about taking someone and running a spear through them. This process was far from a fast death. Vlad would take logs, somewhere in the 10 to 12 foot tall range, and about as big around as the average man's upper leg, for a rough estimate. These logs were just beveled slightly at one end. The beveled end was...this is painful to even type... inserted into a man's anus. The log was then stood up, with it still in the man's anus. Gravity would then begin to work, slowly causing the man to slide down the log, until he either bled to death or the pressure of the log on internal organs became too great. This is the reason that Vlad did not sharpen the logs (I use the word log instead of wooden stake because of the fact that stakes are sharpened) for this specific purpose. It made for a much longer and more painful death. One other thing to think about; when then men began their downward slide, the bowels of the victim were released on the log. I can not imagine the smell. For women, Vlad would a lot of time use another, choice orifice, as the insertion point; use your imagination.<br />Hungry now? Well, apparently, Vlad was. This is where the myth that Vlad drank blood and ate flesh first began. Vlad, for use of scare tactics in my opinion more than anything else, would occasionally have a table and chair brought out to him in the middle of the collection of the impaled and have a dinner. As disgusting as this was, anyone that dared to turn their nose up at Vlad, soon became more familiar with what it felt like to be one of the victims.<br /><br /><strong>The Defeat of The Impaler<br /></strong><br />Vlad used this scare tactic on his opponent, the Turks. After a failed assassination attempt in the middle of the night on Sultan Mehmed II, the Sultan became infuriated and, outnumbered, Vlad was forced to retreat. Vlad burned and poisoned his own kingdom along the way, not wanting to give the Sultan anything to conquer. The Sultan followed in pursuit, until he came upon a grisly sight: a virtual forest of his Turks impaled. The sight was so repulsive that the Sultan decided to leave. But his brother Radu, who had stayed behind with the Turks, soon came against Vlad.<br />Vlad was forced to flee to his castle on the Arges River. There, his wife jumped off the battlements to her death for fear of being overtaken by the Turks. Vlad fled the castle. But to escape, he turned his horse&rsquo;s horseshoes around backward, so that anyone that saw them would think that the rider had been riding into the castle instead of riding away.<br />Having nowhere to go, Vlad fled to Transylvania from Walachia. King Matthias had heard of Vlad, and imprisoned him because of his treatment of his subjects that did not follow Vlad's law. It was rumored that Vlad still had a hunger for the impaling and would impale rats and such in his cell.<br />Eventually, Vlad was free to go, having no official charges against him, as long as he checked in periodically with King Matthias. He gained the king's trust, and even married one of the king&rsquo;s cousins.<br /><br /><strong>Vlad Returns<br /></strong><br />Radu had taken over the throne of Walachia.<br />After all this, the people that had been under Vlad's rule actually missed him. Vlad had set up a very lawful society, and had defeated the Turks many times during his rule. The people of Wallachia began to look upon him as a hero.<br />So it was that, with the help of King Matthias (who don't forget at one point had imprisoned Vlad), Vlad Dracula began his march to take back his throne. This time, however, the favored way of killing for Vlad was actually sanctioned by the Vatican, as he was killing Islamic Turks and had a force of Christians to back him.<br />Vlad retook his throne, but he was eventually defeated and killed. Finally being outnumbered in battle, he no longer had the surprise element either. It is not clear how Vlad actually died. Some will say that they never found the body, while some say that he was beheaded on the battle field and only recognized by the talisman he wore on a necklace.<br /><br /><strong>Vlad the Impaler, is also Vlad the Hero<br />&#8203;</strong><br />Vlad III Dracula, AKA Vlad the Impaler, was actually a national hero, and should always be viewed as such.<br />He was not the fanged, bat-man, coffin dwelling sicko that is thought of when someone mentions the name Dracula.</font><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Sources:<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.vladtheimpaler.com/vlad_the_impaler_bio_001.htm,"><strong>Vlad the Impaler Bio</strong></a><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.history.com/search?search-field=vlad+the+impaler"><strong>Dracula's Lost Palace</strong></a><br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0917944046/aguidetokipaw"><strong>The Making of a Vampire: Vlad the Impaler, Paracelsus, Rabbi Lowe, St. Gernmain, Dracula</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Alexander Sendrea; Paperback<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0970796196/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Vlad The Impaler: Blood Prince Of Walachia</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Dr. Mike Bennighof, John R. Phythyon Jr.; Mass Market Paperback<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0316286567/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Dracula, Prince of Many Faces His Life and His Times</strong></a>&nbsp;-- R. Radu/McNally Florescu (Author); Paperback<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0709146140/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Dracula : a biography of Vlad the Impaler, 1431-1476</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Radu Florescu; Unknown Binding<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0002551675/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Coppola and Eiko on Bram Stoker's Dracula</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Francis Ford Coppola, et al; Hardcover<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1859957803/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Dracula</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Elizabeth Miller; Hardcover<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0451523377/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Dracula</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Bram Stoker, Leonard Wolf (Introduction); Mass Market Paperback<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0395657830/aguidetokipaw"><strong>In Search of Dracula : The History of Dracula and Vampires</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Radu Florescu (Author), Raymond T. McNally (Author); Paperback<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0553069071/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Dracula: The Connoisseur's Guide</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Leonard Wolf; Paperback<br /><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/9732400528/aguidetokipaw"><strong>Vlad Tepes : mit si realitate istorica</strong></a>&nbsp;-- Emil Stoian; Unknown Binding<br /><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Headless Horseman; the Dullahan]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-headless-horseman-the-dullahan]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-headless-horseman-the-dullahan#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2015 02:04:51 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/the-headless-horseman-the-dullahan</guid><description><![CDATA[       http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane.jpg&#8203;      We have all heard many mythological creatures that accompany&nbsp;Halloween&nbsp;every year. One of these creatures is the&nbsp;Headless Horseman. With Hollywood movies and numerous fictional books written to stir up fear in the imagination, this story has been told many different times and each was designed to inspire fear. But, where did this story start? It was called the Dullahan. What  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/7982080_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><em>http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Headless_Horseman_Pursuing_Ichabod_Crane.jpg</em><br />&#8203;</div>  <div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><font size="3">We have all heard many mythological creatures that accompany&nbsp;<a href="http://www.examiner.com/halloween">Halloween</a>&nbsp;every year. One of these creatures is the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/headless-horseman">Headless Horseman</a>. With Hollywood movies and numerous fictional books written to stir up fear in the imagination, this story has been told many different times and each was designed to inspire fear. But, where did this story start? It was called the Dullahan. What is that?<br /><br />To answer that, we go back to the ancient Celts. It was during the reign of Tighermas, a legendary king of Ireland. It was said that Tighermas overthrew his predecessor Conmael in the Battle of Oenach Macha and within a year won twenty seven battles. He was also the first to have gold smelted in Ireland, and the first to have clothes dyed purple, blue and green and decorated with brooches, fringes, and ornaments. He also gave drinking horns to his followers.<br /><br />Tighermas was said to have died with 4,000 on the plain of Magh Slecht on October 31st 1413 while worshipping Crom Dubh or Crom Cruaich (there are conflicting stories as to whether these were the same god or not). Most legends have the Dullahan deriving from Crom Dubh, as he was supposedly worshipped by a larger area. Crom Dubh was a fertility god who reportedly demanded human sacrifice as a form of worship. Not only human sacrifice, but the sacrifices were to be beheaded.<br /><br />This may or may not have been exaggerated by the Christian groups that came to Ireland, led by Saint Patrick. These groups demonized anything that was not 100% Christian and destroyed much of Ireland&rsquo;s history because it was tied into religions that were not Christian.<br /><br />Either way, so the legend goes, Crom Dubh would not be denied his annual allotment of souls and took physical form as the Dullahan.<br /><br />The Dullahan is a strikingly scary figure, dressed in all black on either a black steed that snorted fire or aboard a carriage drawn by six black horses that ran so fast the wheels of the carriage was known to start fires along the sides of the road in the bushes. The Dullahan had no head upon his shoulders, but rather in his hand or in a saddlebag. Legends say that the head had an eerie glow about it, and had the texture of moldy cheese. An insanely evil smile stretched from ear to ear. If he lifted this head up, the Dullahan could see for great distances. Sometimes carrying a lantern in the other hand to help guide his way, oftentimes the spare hand clutched a long whip made from human spines.<br /><br />The Dullahan could not speak, save for one name on each of its journeys: his intended target. Wherever the Dullahan stopped, someone would die. No matter how well locked a gate was, it would fly open for him. If you were not his intended target, it would be in your best interest to not let him catch you even looking at him, much less get in his way; for the best case scenario would be that you would get a face full of blood thrown upon you, or perhaps the whip may be used to remove you from his path.<br /><br />If it was your name that he was calling, your soul was summoned to go with the Dullahan, and this journey would end.<br />The Dullahan was death itself. But, not only did your physical form die, the Dullahan captured your soul, a further stretch from what we know as the Grim Reaper.<br /><br />There was no real defense against the Dullahan, as all doors and gates opened for him. The only thing that can possibly slow down the Dullahan is gold. The Dullahan has an irrational fear of the precious metal. Even a small amount of gold can be enough to scare the Dullahan away for a while. However, if it is your time, the Dullahan will succeed in capturing your soul.<br /><br /><strong>Sources:</strong><br /></font><ul><li><a href="http://dullahan.com/" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://dullahan.com/</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5CAvAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA270&amp;lpg=PA270&amp;dq=king+tighermas&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=eEEhDIpcsc&amp;sig=CcDcNN-Jlce0o7KvNlmPcSO20XE&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=xP9_UbLJDIOc9gTB9oDgDg&amp;ved=0CFcQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=king%20tighermas&amp;f=false" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://books.google.com/books?id=5CAvAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA270&amp;lpg=PA270&amp;dq=king...</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom_dubh" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom_dubh</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://gotireland.com/2012/09/27/irish-faerie-folk-of-yore-and-yesterday-the-dullahan/" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://gotireland.com/2012/09/27/irish-faerie-folk-of-yore-and-yesterday...</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magh_Sl%C3%A9cht" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magh_Sl%C3%A9cht</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/The-scariest-monsters-and-demons-from-Celtic-myth-67305337.html" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/The-scariest-monsters-and-demons-from-...</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://www.bellaterreno.com/art/irish/fairy/irishdullahan.aspx" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://www.bellaterreno.com/art/irish/fairy/irishdullahan.aspx</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/i/c/Suzanne-Elizabeth-Rice/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0495.html" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/i/c/Suzanne-Elizabeth-Rice/...</font></strong></a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigernmas" target="_blank"><strong><font size="3">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigernmas</font></strong></a></li></ul></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Top 10 Fantasy Weapons]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/top-10-fantasy-weapons]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/top-10-fantasy-weapons#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2015 17:09:11 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/top-10-fantasy-weapons</guid><description><![CDATA[     (function(jQuery) {function init() { wSlideshow.render({elementID:"753318892371983766",nav:"numbers",navLocation:"bottom",captionLocation:"bottom",transition:"slide",autoplay:"0",speed:"4",aspectRatio:"auto",showControls:"true",randomStart:"false",images:[{"url":"1/8/1/7/18175761/2073016.jpg","width":"350","height":"350","caption":"Number 10 Longclaw; Jon Snow&#x27;s sword from Game of Throneshttp://www.trueswords.com/images/prod/GAME-OF-THRONES-LONGCLAW-SWORD-OF-JON-SNOW-A43-JL8034.jpg"},{ [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div><div style="height:30px;overflow:hidden"></div> <div id='753318892371983766-slideshow'></div> <div style="height:40px;overflow:hidden"></div></div>  <h2 class="wsite-content-title" style="text-align:left;"><font size="4">There are lists going around of 10 top this and 10 ten that relating to weaponry. What I have compiled here is an objective list of what I believe to be the top 10 iconic weapons from books, video games, and movies combined. Please feel free to comment your own list, suggestions, or debates. This is a highly debatable topic, but be sure you bring your game with facts to back it up!<br />A couple of honorable mentions:</font><br /><font size="7"><strong>11. Anduril from</strong>&nbsp;</font><strong><a href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/lord-of-the-rings"><font size="7">Lord of the Rings</font></a></strong><br /><font size="4">The sword that was broken, then remade. True, it was the sword that cut the ring off of Sauron's finger, but it had been broken. It falls outside of the top 10, but gets an honorable mention due to it is iconic, and it does have power, but there are (in my opinion) better from the series itself.</font><br /><strong><font size="7">12. Keyblade from Kingdom Hearts</font></strong><br /><font size="4">What is this thing anyways? A sword? A key? Sigh... It is iconic in that it is original, albeit original doesn't mean good...</font><br /><strong><font size="7">13. Lightsabers</font></strong><br /><font size="4">The ONLY reason this is not in the top ten is that it is technically not a medieval weapon.&nbsp;</font><a href="http://www.examiner.com/topic/star-wars">Star Wars</a><font size="4">&nbsp;does not take place in that time, and it is not of a design technically speaking, from the medieval age. Yes, it is very similar to a sword, but the workings of a light saber with power crystals that create the "blade" make it different. Otherwise, I'd have a hard time not putting this at the top of the list...</font><br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 10 Longclaw; Jon Snow's sword from Game of Thrones</font><br />You know nothing.<br />Jon Snow from Game of Thrones is a fan favorite, and one of the few who has such an identifiable weapon. A good bastard sword, Jon received this blade after saving his commander from a white walker (a frozen zombie in layman's terms). Before given to him, the pommel head was remade with a white dire wolf for the sign of House Stark, of which Jon is a bastard son of.<br />It is revealed later that this sword has powers as well, but I will not spoil that.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 9 Frostmourne</font><br />"Whomsoever takes up this blade shall wield power eternal. Just as the blade rends flesh, so must power scar the spirit."<br />&mdash;The inscription on Frostmourne's pedestal<br />Taken from the Warcraft series of games and books, Frostmourne was pulled from icy slumber by Arthas. It then helped to turn Arthas into the new Lich King. Frostmourne added bonuses to almost all levels in the games and the books to Arthas, making Arthas a truly capable villain.<br />But, it hasn't quite reached an iconic level such as the other weapons on this list to many outside of WoW gamers.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 8 Buster Blade</font><br />Wielded by Cloud in Final Fantasy VII, this is a very iconic sword indeed. Measuring between 5 and 6 feet long with the blade at over a foot wide, it is simply massive.<br />But, that is what it really is, a massive, heavy, weapon. For that reason, it comes in at number 8.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 7 Sting from Lord of the Rings</font><br />Coming in at number 7 is a Lord of the Rings weapon; Sting.<br />Sting is the sword of Frodo, given to him by his uncle Bilbo who found it in The Hobbit. The blade turns blue when orcs or goblins are near. Initially made as an Elven dagger, it was the perfect size for a small hobbit to wield. Both Uncle and nephew wielded it well; dispatching orcs, goblins, and even a large spider.<br />However, this is not even the best weapon from this series, so it falls at number 7.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 6 The Witch Kings Flail </font><br />This, oh, this is a personal favorite...The flail is my personal favorite weapon to wield as it is, so my bias may show some with this, but...<br />The weapon of the leader of the Nazgul, the Witch King of Angmar used this weapon to beat on Eowyn till she and Pippin ultimately were able to defeat him as he "could not be killed by the hand of a man", but she, obviously, was not a man.<br />This ridiculously large flail did not have magical powers in and of itself, but the size alone made it powerful enough. You can't honestly say that the first time you saw&nbsp;<em>Return of the King</em>&nbsp;and he pulls that bad boy out you didn't say a "holy sh!*". Making it better than Sting, but not a top 5.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 5 Sauron's Mace</font><br />In the&nbsp;<em>Fellowship of the Ring</em>&nbsp;Sauron is seen brandishing this beast of a weapon, appearing to scatter hundreds of elves and humans in each stroke. It is not clear, however, if the power resides in the weapon at all, or if the wielder himself is channeling it through the weapon. There is no evidence that this weapon has any power at all; though it is damn impressive.<br />Number 5 seems an appropriate spot.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 4 Mjolnir</font><br />Hammer of Thor, Norse God of thunder. No other weapon on this list is as powerful, if you are going by the Norse Thor and not the Marvel version...<br />Marvel has lowered the bar for this weapon, and character in their comic world. In Norse, none other than Thor could even pick it up. Yet in the Marvel world, Thor became a girl, Thor is an alien and not a God, and even Wonder Woman was able to use it for a short while...<br />For this reason, the mighty Thor's hammer has fallen to 4.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 3 Spear of Destiny </font><br />The Spear of Destiny is a Biblical weapon that is supposed to have been the weapon that struck Jesus in the side. The myth of this weapon is that it is said that "He who holds the Spear of Destiny controls the world." It has been said that Hitler was the last one to hold this spear, yet, no evidence of that has actually surfaced. It has also been placed in several movies, such as Constantine, where the spear holds other special powers.<br />Because it has been trodden down into different movie myths, and not held up to the Biblical sense of the weapon, it lands it at a very respectable number 3 and not top of this particular list.<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 2 The Master Sword from Legend of Zelda</font><br />As far as gamers go, this is the most iconic sword from a game series. Making its first official appearance in A Link to the Past for Super Nintendo, the Master Sword was a sword in the stone type of mythological sword that could only be wielded by one who had proven himself. In A Link to the Past, Link must gather three pendants and find it in the Lost Woods. In Ocarina of Time, Link gathers the three spiritual stones. In Skyward Sword, the Master Sword is infused with the spirit of Fi, his companion for that game (beginning in Ocarina of Time, Link usually has a companion that helps him along the way).<br />The Master Sword is evils bane, and easily the most iconic video game weapon, but it emulates another sword in many ways, making it second to the number one...<br />&nbsp;<br /><font size="7">&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Number 1 Excalibur</font><br />There can be no doubt, the most iconic medieval weapon of all times is and always will be Excalibur. This sword is what almost all other mythological swords are based off of and wish to be. Sword int he stone or Lady of the Lake version, this is the most fantasied about weapon from the medieval age, and has survived in myths from the medieval age to now. And is still going strong.</h2>  <h2 class="wsite-content-title" style="text-align:left;">With all the fantasy weapons to choose from, I have compiled a list of what I consider to be a top 10. Leave comments below of your favorites!</h2>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Alley in Medieval era]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/alley-in-medieval-era]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/alley-in-medieval-era#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2015 04:25:21 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/alley-in-medieval-era</guid><description><![CDATA[    I have recently been questioned by some on whether or not there were such things as medieval&nbsp;alleyways. My answer, resoundingly, is: yes, of course there was.  http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alley&nbsp;says that the word alley originated 1350-1400. That still falls into the medieval era. But just because the word alley was not used until then, does not mean that they were not there long, long before, for the very definition of the word from dictionary.reference.com is  "al&middo [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>  <!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">I have recently been questioned by some on whether or not there were such things as medieval<span style="">&nbsp;</span>alleyways. My answer, resoundingly, is: yes, of course there was.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alley" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alley</span></strong></a><span style="">&nbsp;</span>says that the word alley originated 1350-1400. That still falls into the medieval era. But just because the word alley was not used until then, does not mean that they were not there long, long before, for the very definition of the word from dictionary.reference.com is<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span style="">"al&middot;ley<br /> noun, plural -leys.<span style="">&nbsp;</span><br /> </span>1. a passage, as through a continuous row of houses, permitting access from the street to backyards, garages, etc.<br /> 2. a narrow back street"<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  Now, citing several sources listed below, we can all agree that, by this definition, any time a society builds buildings within close proximity to one another, it creates alleyways. Granted, most of your outlying small villages and farm towns would not have the same layout as a castled city. But those large cities most certainly did.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  There is also proof if you look at how the plague was spread. The Black Death, while still a medical mystery in a lot of ways, is believed to have been spread, at least in part, due to very poor hygiene. This included the practice of throwing ones fecal matter into the small narrow streets (see definition 2 of alley above!) between buildings, along with urinating upstream and drinking the water downstream, not bathing often and when they did bathe it was in the bacterial ridden water, and bringing pigs in some cases into the towns to run free and eat the fecal matter and garbage.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  On the site<span style="">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/experts.html" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/experts.html</span></strong></a><span style="">&nbsp;</span>a little over half way down, it talks about the Cock and Key Alley of London and where it may be located. This alley way was believed to be a place where many people that had died of the plague were unceremoniously laid.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  The site<span style="">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://dolly.jorgensenweb.net/medievalsanitation.html" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://dolly.jorgensenweb.net/medievalsanitation.html</span></strong></a><span style="">&nbsp;</span>has many articles on it about medieval sanitation and how excrements had been left in the small narrow streets and alleyways, and how it took cities governments to step in and install latrines and the like, and make it a criminal offense not to follow what was thought to be strict sanitation laws.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  The site<span style="">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://dolly.jorgensenweb.net/medievalsanitation.html" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://dolly.jorgensenweb.net/medievalsanitation.html</span></strong></a><span style="">&nbsp;</span>is a site about Agen France, and its many medieval alleys.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  The site<span style="">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.hotels.com/articles/ar000243/an-edinburgh-travel-guide-funky-festivals-winding-medieval-alleyways-and-graceful-georgian-architecture/" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.hotels.com/articles/ar000243/an-edinburgh-travel-guide-funky-festivals-winding-medieval-alleyways-and-graceful-georgian-architecture/</span></strong></a><span style="">&nbsp;</span>is a travel guide of Edinburghand and its labyrinth of alleys.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  Another place to find medieval alleys today is Genoa Italy, as seen here <a href="http://www.italiannotebook.com/local-interest/caruggi/" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.italiannotebook.com/local-interest/caruggi/</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  The other ways that alleys were surly used was by assassins. Yes, assassins. They did exist in medieval eras, most notably during the Crusades under the name Nizaris. There is a great article about them here<span style="">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://home.comcast.net/~burokerl/assassins.htm" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://home.comcast.net/~burokerl/assassins.htm</span></strong></a>. What better way to get away with murder than to use the darkness of an alley to wait in silence for your prey?<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  As you can see, no matter where in medieval Europe you were, if you were in a large city, you were sure to find many "narrow winding streets", or alleyways.<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  Sources:<br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/experts.html" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/plague/experts.html</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://dolly.jorgensenweb.net/medievalsanitation.html" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://dolly.jorgensenweb.net/medievalsanitation.html</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://gofrance.about.com/od/othercities/a/agen-france.htm" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://gofrance.about.com/od/othercities/a/agen-france.htm</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval_towns.htm" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval_towns.htm</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://www.hotels.com/articles/ar000243/an-edinburgh-travel-guide-funky-festivals-winding-medieval-alleyways-and-graceful-georgian-architecture/" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.hotels.com/articles/ar000243/an-edinburgh-travel-guide-funky-festivals-winding-medieval-alleyways-and-graceful-georgian-architecture/</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://www.italiannotebook.com/local-interest/caruggi/" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.italiannotebook.com/local-interest/caruggi/</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/looking-down-onto-medieval-alleyway-by-travelpod-member-charmedlife-albi-france.html?sid=10213452&amp;fid=tp-8" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://tripwow.tripadvisor.com/slideshow-photo/looking-down-onto-medieval-alleyway-by-travelpod-member-charmedlife-albi-france.html?sid=10213452&amp;fid=tp-8</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://www.ukattraction.com/heart-of-england/tewkesbury-alleyways.htm" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://www.ukattraction.com/heart-of-england/tewkesbury-alleyways.htm</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alley" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alley</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <span "font-size:10.0pt;="" mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:symbol;="" mso-bidi-font-family:symbol"="" style="">&middot;<span style="">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><a href="http://home.comcast.net/~burokerl/assassins.htm" target="_blank" style=""><strong style=""><span style="">http://home.comcast.net/~burokerl/assassins.htm</span></strong></a><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/1/7/18175761/3512227_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><span style="">Mdiina Alley taken by Chirs Morriss</span><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span>  <em style="">http://www.flickr.com/photos/7840760@N05/2424184337/</em><br /><span style=""></span><br /><span style=""></span></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Survey]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/1]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/1#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2015 04:00:59 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://medievalfactsexaminer.weebly.com/articles/1</guid><description><![CDATA[As with all new things, there will be growing pains as I try to figure things out completely. Help me to help you by leaving comments, sending me messages, and interacting with me in any and all ways!            &nbsp;Brief Survey     How did you hear about this site? *        Internet SearchAdvertisementFriendOther          				If Other please specify: * 				 					 				 				 			     What is your age? *        Less than 1313-1819-2526-3536-50Over 50Prefer not to say            What areas interes [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">As with all new things, there will be growing pains as I try to figure things out completely. Help me to help you by leaving comments, sending me messages, and interacting with me in any and all ways!</div>  <div> <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="http://www.weebly.com/weebly/apps/formSubmit.php" method="POST" id="form-458486896350925416"> <div id="458486896350925416-form-parent" class="wsite-form-container" style="margin-top:10px;">   <ul class="formlist" id="458486896350925416-form-list">     <h2 class="wsite-content-title" style="text-align:left;">&nbsp;Brief Survey</h2>  <div><div class="wsite-form-field" style="margin:5px 0px 0px 0px;">   <label class="wsite-form-label" for="input-316396267361309721">How did you hear about this site? <span class="form-required">*</span></label>   <div class="wsite-form-radio-container">     <span class='form-radio-container'><input type='radio' id='radio-0-_u316396267361309721' name='_u316396267361309721' value='Internet Search' /><label for='radio-0-_u316396267361309721'>Internet Search</label></span><span class='form-radio-container'><input type='radio' id='radio-1-_u316396267361309721' name='_u316396267361309721' value='Advertisement' /><label for='radio-1-_u316396267361309721'>Advertisement</label></span><span class='form-radio-container'><input type='radio' id='radio-2-_u316396267361309721' name='_u316396267361309721' value='Friend' /><label for='radio-2-_u316396267361309721'>Friend</label></span><span class='form-radio-container'><input type='radio' id='radio-3-_u316396267361309721' name='_u316396267361309721' value='Other' /><label for='radio-3-_u316396267361309721'>Other</label></span>   </div>   <div id="instructions-How did you hear about this site?" class="wsite-form-instructions" style="display:none;"></div> </div></div>  <div><div class="wsite-form-field" style="margin:5px 0px 5px 0px;"> 				<label class="wsite-form-label" for="input-105614059601957598">If Other please specify: <span class="form-not-required">*</span></label> 				<div class="wsite-form-input-container"> 					<input id="input-105614059601957598" class="wsite-form-input wsite-input wsite-input-width-285px" type="text" name="_u105614059601957598" /> 				</div> 				<div id="instructions-105614059601957598" class="wsite-form-instructions" style="display:none;"></div> 			</div></div>  <div><div class="wsite-form-field" style="margin:5px 0px 0px 0px;">   <label class="wsite-form-label" for="input-766511973529471459">What is your age? 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